다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

http://inspirehep.net/record/499969/files/arXiv:hep-th_9905111.pdf

Large N Field Theories, String Theory and Gravity

We construct three dimensional Chern-Simons-matter theories with gauge groups U(N) × U(N) and SU(N) × SU(N) which have explicit = 6 superconformal symmetry. Using brane constructions we argue that the U(N) × U(N) theory at level k describes the low energy limit of N M2-branes probing a C4/Zk singularity. At large N the theory is then dual to M-theory on AdS4 × S7/Zk. The theory also has a 't Hooft limit (of large N with a fixed ratio N/k) which is dual to type IIA string theory on AdS4 × CP3. For k = 1 the theory is conjectured to describe N M2-branes in flat space, although our construction realizes explicitly only six of the eight supersymmetries. We give some evidence for this conjecture, which is similar to the evidence for mirror symmetry in d = 3 gauge theories. When the gauge group is SU(2) × SU(2) our theory has extra symmetries and becomes identical to the Bagger-Lambert theory.

N=6 superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theories, M2-branes and their gravity duals

We revisit the singular IIB supergravity solution describing M fractional 3branes on the conifold [hep-th/0002159]. Its 5-form flux decreases, which we explain by showing that the relevant N = 1 SUSY SU(N+M)×SU(N) gauge theory undergoes repeated Seiberg-duality transformations in which N → N − M. Far in the IR the gauge theory confines; its chiral symmetry breaking removes the singularity of hep-th/0002159 by deforming the conifold. We propose a non-singular pure-supergravity background dual to the field theory on all scales, with small curvature everywhere if the ‘t Hooft coupling gsM is large. In the UV it approaches that of hep-th/0002159, incorporating the logarithmic flow of couplings. In the IR the deformation of the conifold gives a geometrical realization of chiral symmetry breaking and confinement. We suggest that pure N = 1 Yang-Mills may be dual to strings propagating at small gsM on a warped deformed conifold. We note also that the standard model itself may lie at the base of a duality cascade.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1126-6708/2000/08/052/pdf

Supergravity and a confining gauge theory: duality cascades and χSB-resolution of naked singularities

Superstring theoryをめぐって(放談室)

Type iib superstrings, bps monopoles, and three-dimensional gauge dynamics

We propose an explanation via string theory of the correspondence between the Coulomb branch of certain three-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories and certain moduli spaces of magnetic monopoles. The same construction also gives an explanation, via $SL(2,\Z)$ duality of Type IIB superstrings, of the recently discovered ``mirror symmetry'' in three dimensions. New phase transitions in three dimensions as well as new infrared fixed points and even new coupling constants not present in the known Lagrangians are predicted from the string theory construction. An important role in the construction is played by a novel aspect of brane dynamics in which a third brane is created when two branes cross.

Type IIB Superstrings, BPS Monopoles, And Three-Dimensional Gauge Dynamics

Aspects of N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories in three dimensions

Branes, superpotentials and superconformal fixed points

We continue to study 5d N = 1 supersymmetric field theories and their compactifications on a circle through brane configurations. We develop a model, which we call (p,q) Webs, which enables simple geometrical computations to reproduce the known results, and facilitates further study. The physical concepts of field theory are transparent in this picture, offering an interpretation for global symmetries, local symmetries, the effective (running) coupling, the Coulomb and Higgs branches, the monopole tensions, and the mass of BPS particles. A rule for the dimension of the Coulomb branch is found by introducing Grid Diagrams. Some known classifications of field theories are reproduced. In addition to the study of the vacuum manifold we develop methods to determine the BPS spectrum. Some states, such as quarks, correspond to instantons inside the 5-brane which we call strips. In general, these may not be identified with (p,q) strings. We describe how a strip can bend out of a 5-brane, becoming a string. A general BPS state corresponds to a Web of strings and strips. For special values of the string coupling a few strips can combine and leave the 5-brane as a string.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1126-6708/1998/01/002/pdf

Amihay Hanany

Papers

Type iib superstrings, bps monopoles, and three-dimensional gauge dynamics

Type IIB Superstrings, BPS Monopoles, And Three-Dimensional Gauge Dynamics

Aspects of N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories in three dimensions

Branes, superpotentials and superconformal fixed points

Webs of (p,q) 5-branes, five dimensional field theories and grid diagrams