Amit Singh

Bio: Amit Singh is an academic researcher from National Institute of Technology, Patna. The author has contributed to research in topics: Digital watermarking & Watermark. The author has an hindex of 57, co-authored 640 publications receiving 13795 citations. Previous affiliations of Amit Singh include Ithaca College & Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy.

Guest Editorial: Robust and Secure Data Hiding Techniques for Telemedicine Applications

Abstract: Recently, with the explosive growth of information and communication technologies, various new opportunities emerged for the creation and delivery of content in digital form which includes applications such as real time video and audio delivery, electronic advertising, digital libraries, broadcast monitoring, e-governance, e-commerce applications, copy control, media Multimed Tools Appl DOI 10.1007/s11042-017-4507-2

Molecular dynamics investigation on the poor sensitivity of A171T mutant NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) for MLN4924

Abstract: MLN4924 is an adenosine sulfamate analog that generates the inhibitory NEDD8-MLN4924 covalent complex. A single nucleotide transition that changes alanine 171 to threonine (A171T) of the NAE subunit UBA3 reduces the enzyme’s sensitivity for MLN4924. Our molecular dynamics simulation study revealed that A171T transition brought remarkable conformational changes in enzyme structure (open ATP binding pocket), which reduced the interaction between MLN4924 and ATP binding pocket while wild form completely covered the MLN4924. A total difference of −49.75 kJ/mol was noticed in interaction energy (electrostatic and van der Waals) during simulation between mutant and wild form with MLN4924. Superimposition of final 20 ns mutant structure with reference structure showed significant change in native binding position as compared to wild form. Results were found in coherence with the recently reported in vitro studies which states that A171T transition leads to change in ATP binding pocket structure.

A novel method for automatic retinal detachment detection and estimation using ocular ultrasound image

Abstract: This paper presents a novel method for automated detection of retinal detachment from ocular ultrasound image using digital image processing and computational techniques. Retinal detachment (RD) is an ocular emergency in which retina gets detached from the tissues lying underneath it and often requires immediate intervention to prevent rapid, irreversible vision loss. Direct fundoscopy and visual field testing are most common methods for the detection of RD. These methods are difficult to perform and they do not completely rule out retinal detachment. Generally, Ophthalmologists use ocular ultrasound to enhance their clinical acumen in detecting RD. Sometimes it is difficult to extract diagnostic features from ultrasound (USG) images due to its poor quality. Also, noise present in the image would cause misinterpretation during visual inspection;this demands development of intelligent and automated techniques for detection of retinal detachment. Further, the paper proposes a novel frame work for accurate and automatic retinal detachment using image processing techniques and mathematical analysis of detached area contour detected within the ocular globe. Furthermore, the estimation of diagnostic parameters, indicative of retinal detachment is also computed. Based on the mathematical analysis, three such parameters, percentage area of detached retina (PADR) compared to the ocular globe, angular width of detachment (α) and maximum radial distance of detachment to choroid layer beneath it (β), are calculated. These estimated parameters are very useful in determining the exact location and extent of retinal detachment. Results obtained through the proposed retinal detachment detection scheme are validated by the radiologist.

Khasi mandarin: its importance, problems and prospects of cultivation in North-eastern Himalayan region

Abstract: Northeast India is recognized as an important part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. It is one of the 25 global biodiversity hotspots accepted at present. This is also considered as the richest and one of the most endangered places for plant survival in the world. This area is known as one of the centers of origin of various Citrus species. Among the Citrus crops available in northeastern region, Khasi mandarin is the most economically important one and plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of the people in this region. Khasi mandarin is well known for its quality, fruit colour, unique sugar-acid blend and shelf life which make it the most popular citrus cultivar in northeastern region of the country. It covers the largest area in the region due to its commercial value. Assam and Meghalaya have the maximum area and production of Khasi mandarin. The health benefits of oranges have been well known for centuries, but it has therapeutic values that have long been utilized in conventional herbal medicine. Experimental studies shows that its bioactive compounds have tremendous pharmaceutical activity like, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, cancer preventing etc. which clearly indicate the potential of the crop for the pharmaceutical industry. Although India is fourth largest producer of orange in the world but due to the problem of citrus decline the average yield of orange in India is alarmingly low as compared to other countries. This review thereby summarizes the medicinal and nutritional value of mandarin, their economic importance, problems and prospects of cultivation in northeastern region.

Synthesis Characterization and In Vitro Release Study of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticle

Abstract: Ciprofloxacin, a poorly soluble drug-loaded chitosan nanoparticle, was prepared for the treatment of microbial infections. Nanoformulation of ciprofloxacin was prepared using 85% deacetylated chitosan as a biodegradable polymer and tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking agent by ionotropic gelation. It was further evaluated and characterized on the basis of morphology, drug loading efficiency, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential value, Fourier transform infrared study, antimicrobial study, and also in vitro release behavior of ciprofloxacin. The FTIR spectral studies indicated that there was no interaction found between the drug and chitosan. The sample CS1 formulation was found stable with good drug entrapment efficiency, fair zeta potential value, and its size ranged between 100 and 200 nm. The in vitro study showed sustained release behavior with steady rise in cumulative drug release (> 99%) for up to about 8 h and thereafter, no significant release observed. The characterized formulations were also used to study antimicrobial activity.

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

Abstract: Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Abstract: The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: Simple Chemistry Meets Complex Physics?

Abstract: Nanocrystals are fundamental to modern science and technology. Mastery over the shape of a nanocrystal enables control of its properties and enhancement of its usefulness for a given application. Our aim is to present a comprehensive review of current research activities that center on the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We begin with a brief introduction to nucleation and growth within the context of metal nanocrystal synthesis, followed by a discussion of the possible shapes that a metal nanocrystal might take under different conditions. We then focus on a variety of experimental parameters that have been explored to manipulate the nucleation and growth of metal nanocrystals in solution-phase syntheses in an effort to generate specific shapes. We then elaborate on these approaches by selecting examples in which there is already reasonable understanding for the observed shape control or at least the protocols have proven to be reproducible and controllable. Finally, we highlight a number of applications that have been enabled and/or enhanced by the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We conclude this article with personal perspectives on the directions toward which future research in this field might take.