抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Nanocrystals are fundamental to modern science and technology. Mastery over the shape of a nanocrystal enables control of its properties and enhancement of its usefulness for a given application. Our aim is to present a comprehensive review of current research activities that center on the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We begin with a brief introduction to nucleation and growth within the context of metal nanocrystal synthesis, followed by a discussion of the possible shapes that a metal nanocrystal might take under different conditions. We then focus on a variety of experimental parameters that have been explored to manipulate the nucleation and growth of metal nanocrystals in solution-phase syntheses in an effort to generate specific shapes. We then elaborate on these approaches by selecting examples in which there is already reasonable understanding for the observed shape control or at least the protocols have proven to be reproducible and controllable. Finally, we highlight a number of applications that have been enabled and/or enhanced by the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We conclude this article with personal perspectives on the directions toward which future research in this field might take.

Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: Simple Chemistry Meets Complex Physics?

The combining ability studies made over environments (sowing dates) for nine characters in brown sarson using “9×3” line × tester set revealed both general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sea) components were significant for all the evaluated characters, viz., plant height, main shoot length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of siliqua on main shoot, siliqua length, seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant. Both gca and sea effects were influenced by environments. The parents, Pusa Kalyani, BSH-1, DBS-1 and BSIK-1 having been observed as good general combiners for seed yield and other yield influencing traits also, offer the best possibilities of exploitation for the development of improved lines. The cross combination “BSIK-1 × BSIK-2” and “BSC-199 × BSH-1” were observed to be the best crosses and are expected to throw transgressive segregants and need exploitation in breeding programmes. Both additive and non-additive gene effects played role in the inheritance of different traits.

Combining Ability Analysis for Various Characters in Brown Sarson (Brassica campestris L.)

INTRODUCTION Cancer of the esophagus is among the leading cause of cancer deaths in Punjab, India. Patients generally present with dysphagia as their first symptom and more often they have advanced disease at the time of presentation to a tertiary care centre. Palliative procedures have important roles in this setting. Stenting is the best option to palliate the symptoms of dysphagia, from which patient is suffering the most. AIM To know the success rate, early and long term complications and mortality in esophageal stenting, when it was done in malignant esophageal stricture patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred patients, who had undergone esophageal stenting from January 2012 to January 2015, were included in the study. We retrospectively analysed the data for patient characteristics, causes of non-operability, early and long term complications, re-interventions, efficacy and mortality. RESULTS Out of 100 patients, indications for stenting were locally advanced disease not amenable to surgery (52%), metastatic disease (35%), CVA (1%), cardiac and respiratory problem (8%), un-willing for surgery in 5% of patients. Majority of patients (94%) had squamous cell carcinoma, while only 6% had adenocarcinoma. 84% of patients presented with dysphagia with or without chest pain and recurrent cough while 16% had recurrent vomiting. 58% had dysphagia to liquids and solids and 17% had complete dysphagia. After stenting 93% had significant improvement in dysphagia score from median of 3 to 1. Post procedure stay was 3.61±1.0 days. One patient had procedure related major complication in the form of post procedural bleed (after 16 days of stenting) leading to death of that patient. Minor complications were present in 52 patients treated conservatively not affecting the efficacy of procedure. These include pain after stenting (38%), stent obstruction (23%) and stent migration (6%). All the minor complications were treated conservatively except in six patients in whom re-stenting was done. CONCLUSION Esophageal stenting is relatively safe procedure with short stay of the patient in the hospital. Although, it helps in alleviating patients' morbidity very effectively and reliably, there are many technical glitches, which needs to be kept into account and patient should be properly counseled before the procedure to prevent and manage post procedure complications and medico legal aspects.

Long Term Outcome in Patients with Esophageal Stenting for Cancer Esophagus - Our Experience at a Rural Hospital of Punjab, India

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) especially iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs have quite extensively been used for in vivo delivery of biomolecules and drugs because of their high bioconjugation efficiency. In this study, Fe3O4 NPs and (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTS) coated Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized and their interaction with Calf thymus (Ct) DNA has been studied in order to understand their usage in biomedical applications. Hydrothermal method was used for the NPs synthesis. Characterization of NPs was done using techniques like UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, FE-SEM, EDAX, Zeta Sizer and powder XRD. Further, interaction studies of NPs with Ct-DNA were investigated using various physicochemical techniques. In UV-Visible studies, hypochromicity with binding constant 3.2 × 105 M−1 was observed. Binding constants calculated using fluorescence studies were found to be k = 3.2 × 104 M−1, 2.9 × 104 M−1 at 293 and 323 K respectively. Results of UV-Visible and fluorescence studies were in correlation with other techniques like UV-TM and CD. All studies suggested alteration in DNA conformation on interaction with surface engineered Fe3O4 NPs, stabilizing DNA-NPs conjugate via partial intercalation and electrostatic interactions. This study may facilitate our understanding regarding the physicochemical properties and DNA-binding ability of APTS-Fe3O4 NPs for their further application in magnetosensitive biosensing and drug delivery.

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of magnetic Fe3O4 and APTS coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles: physicochemical investigations of interaction with DNA

Evolution of otogenic brain abscess and management protocol.

α-Tetralone, β-tetralone, and 1-benzosuberone were asymmetrically reduced to their corresponding alcohols by whole cells of Candida viswanathii. The cells had the maximum ketoreductase activity when grown aerobically in shake flasks (200 rpm) for 36 h in a medium consisting of fructose (30 g/L), malt extract (20 g/L), CaCl2 (1 mM), and β-tetralone inducer (1 mM) at 25°C and pH 7. The optimal bioreduction conditions with the washed cells were a pH of 6.5 (phosphate buffer, 50 mM), a temperature of 30°C, and in the presence of isopropanol (4%, v/v) as a cosubstrate. A 100% reduction with an enantiomeric excess of > 99% was achieved for β-tetralone (90 mM) and 6-bromo-β-tetralone (90 mM) using 160 g/L fresh cell concentration in 30 h. Use of a higher fresh cell concentration (250 g/L) afforded > 80% conversion of 15 mM α-tetralone in 30 h and 100% conversion of 1-benzosuberone (15 mM) in 30 h.

Amit Singh

Papers

Combining Ability Analysis for Various Characters in Brown Sarson (Brassica campestris L.)

Long Term Outcome in Patients with Esophageal Stenting for Cancer Esophagus - Our Experience at a Rural Hospital of Punjab, India

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of magnetic Fe3O4 and APTS coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles: physicochemical investigations of interaction with DNA

Evolution of otogenic brain abscess and management protocol.

Enantioselective bioreduction of cyclic alkanones by whole cells ofCandidaSpecies