Amit Singh

Bio: Amit Singh is an academic researcher from National Institute of Technology, Patna. The author has contributed to research in topics: Digital watermarking & Watermark. The author has an hindex of 57, co-authored 640 publications receiving 13795 citations. Previous affiliations of Amit Singh include Ithaca College & Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy.

Classico-molecular targeting of oligopeptidase B, cysteine protease and variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes of Trypanosoma evansi.

Abstract: Trypanosomosis or Surra can rightly be attributed as the most economically important vector-borne haemoprotozoan disease encountering India. Surra infected chronic cases show almost similar types of signs and symptoms often confusing it with other haemoprotozoan infections, thereby, making it prerequisite for the development of aspecific and sensitive technique for its detection in susceptible animals. Blood microscopy and serology suffers from the hands of lack of sensitivity and specificity thereby leaving molecular detection techniques as one of the promising alternative. Alongside, there is utmost need for exploring of new molecular gene targets for the development of a putative alternative for diagnosis and immunoprophylaxsis. The present communication describes the identification and amplification of oligopeptidase B, cysteine protease and variable surface glycoprotein genes of T. evansi so as to exploit them in future as potential candidates for immune protection and/or molecular detection.

Current Scenario and Future Prospects of Endophytic Microbes: Promising Candidates for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management for Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability.

Abstract: Globally, substantial research into endophytic microbes is being conducted to increase agricultural and environmental sustainability. Endophytic microbes such as bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi inhabit ubiquitously within the tissues of all plant species without causing any harm or disease. Endophytes form symbiotic relationships with diverse plant species and can regulate numerous host functions, including resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, growth and development, and stimulating immune systems. Moreover, plant endophytes play a dominant role in nutrient cycling, biodegradation, and bioremediation, and are widely used in many industries. Endophytes have a stronger predisposition for enhancing mineral and metal solubility by cells through the secretion of organic acids with low molecular weight and metal-specific ligands (such as siderophores) that alter soil pH and boost binding activity. Finally, endophytes synthesize various bioactive compounds with high competence that are promising candidates for new drugs, antibiotics, and medicines. Bioprospecting of endophytic novel secondary metabolites has given momentum to sustainable agriculture for combating environmental stresses. Biotechnological interventions with the aid of endophytes played a pivotal role in crop improvement to mitigate biotic and abiotic stress conditions like drought, salinity, xenobiotic compounds, and heavy metals. Identification of putative genes from endophytes conferring resistance and tolerance to crop diseases, apart from those involved in the accumulation and degradation of contaminants, could open new avenues in agricultural research and development. Furthermore, a detailed molecular and biochemical understanding of endophyte entry and colonization strategy in the host would better help in manipulating crop productivity under changing climatic conditions. Therefore, the present review highlights current research trends based on the SCOPUS database, potential biotechnological interventions of endophytic microorganisms in combating environmental stresses influencing crop productivity, future opportunities of endophytes in improving plant stress tolerance, and their contribution to sustainable remediation of hazardous environmental contaminants.

Evaluation of genetic variability, correlation and path coefficients analysis for yield attributing traits in field pea [Pisum sativum (L.) var. arvense]

Abstract: An experiment was conducted in randomized complete block with 12 field pea genotypes to study the genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, heritability, genetic advance, correlation among the yield contributing traits and their effect on number of seeds per pod of field pea. The phenotypic correlation coefficient (PCV) values were marginally bigger than genotypic correlation coefficient (GCV), revealing tiny sway of environment in character expression. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance and high GCV were observed for length of branch from main axis, number of seeds/plant and weight of 100 seeds indicating the multitude of additive gene action. Selection stranded on these characters will be worthwhile. Results of genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients showed significant positive correlation of stem circumference, number of seeds/plant, number of pods/plant, weight of 100 seeds, number of seeds/pod with each other and other yield attributes. The component characters and path-coefficient analysis revealed positive direct effect of plant height at maturity and number of leaves/plant on the number of seeds/pod. The analysis suggests that the above mentioned parameters were sufficient for direct selection of genotypes for yield attributing characters. However, the high residual effect and relatively moderate level of genetic parameters revealed the requirement of more number of yield attributing parameters under consideration for improvising in crop breeding pipeline of field pea.

Secret sharing based watermarking for copy-protection and ownership control of medical Image

Abstract: Medical data transmission and sharing, especially during this COVID-19 pandemic period, on the open channel have become more important for remote diagnosis and treatment purpose. However, the alteration and unauthorized distribution of image data has become easier, and thus the big issue of copy-protection and ownership conflicts has attracted more attention for healthcare research community. Further, large amount of confidential and personal medical records is often stored on cloud environments. However, outsourcing medical data possibly brings the great security and privacy issue, since the confidential records are shared to the third party. In this paper, a robust X-Ray image watermarking is proposed by using Non-Subsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) and Multiresolution Singular Value Decomposition (MSVD). For watermark embedding, the maximum entropy component of X-Ray carrier image is firstly decomposed using NSCT. Then, low and high frequency details of carrier and mark image is obtained using MSVD. Further, conceal the watermark detail through modifying the detail of carrier image via the suitable factor. Finally, Shamir's (k, n) secret sharing algorithm is employed to obtain secure marked carrier image. Objective evaluations on 200 X-Ray images of COVID-19 patients demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has not only an excellent invisibility but a strong robustness against the various attacks. The results also show that our algorithm outperforms the related image watermarking algorithms, since it is also suitable for applications in the multi-cloud.

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

Abstract: Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Abstract: The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: Simple Chemistry Meets Complex Physics?

Abstract: Nanocrystals are fundamental to modern science and technology. Mastery over the shape of a nanocrystal enables control of its properties and enhancement of its usefulness for a given application. Our aim is to present a comprehensive review of current research activities that center on the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We begin with a brief introduction to nucleation and growth within the context of metal nanocrystal synthesis, followed by a discussion of the possible shapes that a metal nanocrystal might take under different conditions. We then focus on a variety of experimental parameters that have been explored to manipulate the nucleation and growth of metal nanocrystals in solution-phase syntheses in an effort to generate specific shapes. We then elaborate on these approaches by selecting examples in which there is already reasonable understanding for the observed shape control or at least the protocols have proven to be reproducible and controllable. Finally, we highlight a number of applications that have been enabled and/or enhanced by the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We conclude this article with personal perspectives on the directions toward which future research in this field might take.