抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Nanocrystals are fundamental to modern science and technology. Mastery over the shape of a nanocrystal enables control of its properties and enhancement of its usefulness for a given application. Our aim is to present a comprehensive review of current research activities that center on the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We begin with a brief introduction to nucleation and growth within the context of metal nanocrystal synthesis, followed by a discussion of the possible shapes that a metal nanocrystal might take under different conditions. We then focus on a variety of experimental parameters that have been explored to manipulate the nucleation and growth of metal nanocrystals in solution-phase syntheses in an effort to generate specific shapes. We then elaborate on these approaches by selecting examples in which there is already reasonable understanding for the observed shape control or at least the protocols have proven to be reproducible and controllable. Finally, we highlight a number of applications that have been enabled and/or enhanced by the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We conclude this article with personal perspectives on the directions toward which future research in this field might take.

Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: Simple Chemistry Meets Complex Physics?

Data hiding is a process of hiding information. Various methods have been developed for data hiding as of now but each have some limitations and some advantages too. According to the level and kind of application one or more data hiding methods is used. Data hiding can be done in audio, video, text, and image and in other form of information. Some data hiding techniques emphasizes on digital image security, some on robustness of digital image hiding process while other's main focus is on imperceptibility of digital image. Capacity of digital information which has to hide is also the main concern in some of the applications. The objective of some of the papers mentioned below is to achieve two or more than two parameters i.e. Security, robustness, imperceptibility and capacity but some of the parameters are trade-off which mean only one can be achieved on the cost of other. So the data hiding techniques aiming to achieve maximum requirements i.e. security, robustness, capacity, imperceptibility etc. and which can be utilized in larger domain of applications is desired. Related work for techniques used for data hiding in digital image is described in this paper.

A recent survey on data hiding techniques

Unsatisfactory performance of the existing BCG vaccines, especially against the adult pulmonary disease, has urged the need for an effective vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). In this study, we employed differential proteomics to obtain a list of antigens as potential vaccine candidates. Bacterial epitopes being presented at early stages on MHC class I and class II molecules of macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) were identified using iTRAQ labelling and reverse phase LC-MS/MS. The putative vaccine candidates, thus identified, were tested as plasmid DNA vaccines in mice to ascertain their protective efficacy against the aerosolized M. tb challenge, based on their ability to reduce the bacterial load in the lungs of infected mice. Here, we observed that 4 out of the 17 selected antigens imparted significant protection against the challenge of M. tb. The four shortlisted antigens were further assessed in a more stringent guinea pig model, where too, they demonstrated.significant protection. It concludes that combining a proteomics approach with the in vivo assessment of vaccine candidates in animal models can be valuable in identifying new potential candidates to expand the antigenic repertoire for novel vaccines against TB.

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/31736/7/IJEB%2053%287%29%20429-439%20%28Supplementary%20File%206%29.pdf

Differential proteomics approach to identify putative protective antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis presented during early stages of macrophage infection and their evaluation as DNA vaccines.

Design and creation of salar acoustical phonetics parameter database

Using seedling explants, a highly efficient and reproducible plant regeneration and transformation system was developed in Brassica juncea genotypes RH-406 and RH-555. Hypocotyl and cotyledon explants excised from in vitro-grown 5-days-old seedlings were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. Cotyledon explants grown on MS medium supplemented with 1 and 2.5 mg/L BAP produced higher per cent shoot formation in genotypes RH-555 (60.3±4.19) and RH-406 (64.9± 1.42), respectively. Among the eight rooting media used for root formation in regenerated shoots, maximum rooting response was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L NAA. Among the regenerated plants, 81.8 % in RH-406 and 67% in RH-555 survived when transferred on sand and soil in 1:1 mixture in pots. Transformation protocol was developed in genotype RH-406 using GUS reporter gene and hypocotyls and cotyledon explants. Histochemical GUS assay showed that cotyledon and hypocotyl explants respectively, had 75% and 80% transient GUS expressions.

http://www.srmr.org.in/upload/journal/full/142606594508.pdf

Plant regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Dennst-Nicolson, commonly known as the Elephant foot yam, is a highly potential edible aroid of Araceae family. Fresh yams are difficult to store due to their perishable nature and deteriorate in quality during storage. Therefore, making processed products viz., dry and fry cubes will be an alternative value added product with nutritional value. In this experiment, elephant foot yam corm cubes were stored to analyze the nutritional and antioxidant values at monthly intervals. The cv., BCA-1 dry cubes (soaking in 2% salt followed by blanching) had the highest ascorbic acid and total phenol throughout the storage period. Highest β-carotene was observed in cv., IGAM-1 dry cubes (2% alum) and fry cubes (2% alum) at 0 and 13 months after storage, respectively. The cv., BCA-1 had the highest starch in dry cubes (1.5% alum) and fry cubes (2% salt) at 0 and 13 months after storage, respectively. The protein and organoleptic values were the highest throughout the storage in cv., BCA-1, both dry and fry cubes, were from soaking in 1.5% alum and blanching.

Amit Singh

Papers

A recent survey on data hiding techniques

Differential proteomics approach to identify putative protective antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis presented during early stages of macrophage infection and their evaluation as DNA vaccines.

Design and creation of salar acoustical phonetics parameter database

Plant regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

Novel processing method for improved antioxidant and nutritional value of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Dennst-Nicolson)