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Amy Eggers

Bio: Amy Eggers is an academic researcher from University of South Florida. The author has contributed to research in topics: Recidivism & Drug court. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 4 publications receiving 388 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis of 154 independent evaluations of adult drug courts, 34 of juvenile drug courts and 28 of DWI drug courts was carried out to systematically review quasi-experimental and experimental evaluations of the effectiveness of drug courts.

344 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The evidence suggests that DWI drug courts are effective in reducing recidivism and their effect on recidivist is very similar in magnitude to that of adult drug courts, yet, some caution is warranted, as the few available experimental evaluations of DWIDrug courts do not uniformly support their effectiveness.
Abstract: Drug courts are specialized courts in which court actors collaboratively use the legal and moral authority of the court to monitor drug-involved offenders’ abstinence from drug use via frequent drug testing and compliance with individualized drug treatment programs. The objective of this review was to systematically review quasi-experimental and experimental evaluations of the effectiveness of drug courts in reducing future offending and drug use. The systematic search identified 154 independent, eligible evaluations, 92 evaluations of adult drug courts, 34 of juvenile drug courts, and 28 of drunk-driving (DWI) drug courts. The findings most strongly support the effectiveness of adult drug courts, as even the most rigorous evaluations consistently find reductions in recidivism and these effects generally persist for at least three years. The magnitude of this effect is analogous to a drop in general and drug-related recidivism from 50% for non-participants to approximately 38% for participants. The evidence also suggests that DWI drug courts are effective in reducing recidivism and their effect on recidivism is very similar in magnitude to that of adult drug courts (i.e., a reduction in recidivism of approximately 12 percentage points); yet, some caution is warranted, as the few available experimental evaluations of DWI drug courts do not uniformly support their effectiveness. For juvenile drug courts we find considerably smaller effects on recidivism. The mean effect size for these courts is analogous to a drop in recidivism from 50% for non-participants to roughly 43.5% for participants.

67 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper found that there was a significant difference in violent victimization between foreign-born and native-born Hispanic youth, and that despite the effect of familial attachment on violent victimisation, elements of social learning and involvement in violent offending appeared to better explain the violent experience among Hispanic youth.
Abstract: Although prior research has found evidence of the relationship between acculturation and offending, a detailed examination as to whether acculturation extends to victimization is lacking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine whether acculturation emerges as a factor relevant for violent victimization. Furthermore, this study sought to test the effects of sociological influences such as familial attachment to ascertain whether these effects account for the differences in violent victimization among foreign- and native-born Hispanics, while accounting for violent offending. Using data from a large nationally representative sample of Hispanic youth, the results indicated that there was a significant difference in violent victimization between foreign-born and native-born Hispanic youth. Also, despite the effect of familial attachment on violent victimization, elements of social learning (i.e., delinquent peers) and involvement in violent offending appear to better explain the violent victimization experiences among Hispanic youth. Language: en

14 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between Hispanic immigration and victimization and found that native-born Hispanic youth were more likely to be violently victimized than their foreign-born counterparts.
Abstract: Despite numerous tests of routine activities theory, attempts to explain the relationship between Hispanic immigration and victimization are quite minimal. As such, this study seeks to determine whether differences in violent victimization between native-born Hispanic and foreign-born Hispanic youth are attributable to variations in target suitability and emotional guardianship. This study expands routine activities theory’s concept of capable guardianship by basing its operationalization on measures related to family ties and is thus termed emotional guardianship. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), the results show native-born Hispanic youth were more likely to be violently victimized than their foreign-born Hispanic counterparts. However, once components of routine activities theory and neighborhood safety were entered into the model, the Hispanic youth’s birth status was no longer significant. Prior delinquency also had the strongest direct effect on viol...

5 citations


Cited by
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01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: This paper conducted a multisite study of juvenile drug courts to examine the ability of these courts to reduce recidivism and improve youth's social functioning, and to determine whether these programs use evidence-based practices in their treatment services.
Abstract: As an alternative to traditional juvenile courts, juvenile drug courts attempt to provide substance abuse treatment, sanctions, and incentives to rehabilitate nonviolent drug-involved youth, empower families to support them in this process, and prevent recidivism. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) sponsored a multisite study of juvenile drug courts to examine the ability of these courts to reduce recidivism and improve youth’s social functioning, and to determine whether these programs use evidence-based practices in their treatment services. This bulletin provides an overview of the findings.

1,363 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis of 154 independent evaluations of adult drug courts, 34 of juvenile drug courts and 28 of DWI drug courts was carried out to systematically review quasi-experimental and experimental evaluations of the effectiveness of drug courts.

344 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: A random effect factor is defined as a factor that represents a large set of interest as discussed by the authors, where the levels of the factor represent a larger set of topics of interest than a small subset of topics.
Abstract: A factor is called a random effects factor if the levels of the factor represent a larger set of interest. Examples: 1. Medicine: How accurate are labs for testing for a certain disease? Do labs differ in their accuracy? Suppose we have (different) people tested at 3 different labs. Factor = Lab (i = 1, 2, 3) Unit = a person having a medical test Y ij = accuracy rating of the test for person j and lab i n i = number of people tested at Lab i Lab is a fixed effect if we care only about those labs. Lab is a random effect if the 3 labs are a random sample of all such labs. 2. Education: How well do California students learn to read by the end of first grade? Choose 6 schools in California. Then randomly choose n i students in school i to take a reading test. Factor = School (i = 1 to 6) Unit = student (j = 1 to n i) Y ij = reading score for student j in school i. School is a fixed effect if we care only about those 6 schools. School is a random effect if those schools are randomly sampled from a larger set of interest. 3. Psychology: Compare therapists for effectiveness. Factor = therapist Unit = patient Y ij = change in score on depression test after one year of therapy for patient j, therapist i. Therapist is a fixed effect if we are interested in those specific therapists Therapist is a random effect if the therapists are randomly selected from all therapists of interest.

235 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 Feb 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the robust variance estimation (RVE) method is used for handling complex meta-analytic data structures arising due to dependent effect sizes, which can summarize the predictive strength of different risk factors for crime and offer unique opportunities for examining the developmental variability of risk factors.
Abstract: Identifying and understanding causal risk factors for crime over the life-course is a key area of inquiry in developmental criminology. Prospective longitudinal studies provide valuable information about the relationships between risk factors and later criminal offending. Meta-analyses that synthesize findings from these studies can summarize the predictive strength of different risk factors for crime, and offer unique opportunities for examining the developmental variability of risk factors. Complex data structures are common in such meta-analyses, whereby primary studies provide multiple (dependent) effect sizes. This paper describes a recent innovative method for handling complex meta-analytic data structures arising due to dependent effect sizes: robust variance estimation (RVE). We first present a brief overview of the RVE method, describing the underlying models and estimation procedures and their applicability to meta-analyses of research in developmental criminology. We then present a tutorial on implementing these methods in the R statistical environment, using an example meta-analysis on risk factors for adolescent delinquency. The tutorial demonstrates how to estimate mean effect sizes and meta-regression models using the RVE method in R, with particular emphasis on exploring developmental variation in risk factors for crime and delinquency. The tutorial also illustrates hypothesis testing for meta-regression coefficients, including tests for overall model fit and incremental hypothesis tests. The paper concludes by summarizing the benefits of using the RVE method with complex meta-analytic data structures, highlighting how this method can advance research syntheses in the field of developmental criminology.

223 citations