Author
Ana M. Parma
Other affiliations: International Pacific Halibut Commission, University of Washington
Bio: Ana M. Parma is an academic researcher from National Scientific and Technical Research Council. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fisheries management & Fishing. The author has an hindex of 36, co-authored 89 publications receiving 6246 citations. Previous affiliations of Ana M. Parma include International Pacific Halibut Commission & University of Washington.
Topics: Fisheries management, Fishing, Trawling, Population, Sustainability
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Dalhousie University1, University of Washington2, University of California, San Diego3, University of Rhode Island4, University of California, Santa Barbara5, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration6, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation7, University of East Anglia8, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science9, Wellington Management Company10, Wildlife Conservation Society11, Stanford University12, University of New Hampshire13, University of British Columbia14
TL;DR: Current trends in world fisheries are analyzed from a fisheries and conservation perspective, finding that 63% of assessed fish stocks worldwide still require rebuilding, and even lower exploitation rates are needed to reverse the collapse of vulnerable species.
Abstract: After a long history of overexploitation, increasing efforts to restore marine ecosystems and rebuild fisheries are under way. Here, we analyze current trends from a fisheries and conservation perspective. In 5 of 10 well-studied ecosystems, the average exploitation rate has recently declined and is now at or below the rate predicted to achieve maximum sustainable yield for seven systems. Yet 63% of assessed fish stocks worldwide still require rebuilding, and even lower exploitation rates are needed to reverse the collapse of vulnerable species. Combined fisheries and conservation objectives can be achieved by merging diverse management actions, including catch restrictions, gear modification, and closed areas, depending on local context. Impacts of international fleets and the lack of alternatives to fishing complicate prospects for rebuilding fisheries in many poorer regions, highlighting the need for a global perspective on rebuilding marine resources.
2,009 citations
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University of Washington1, Wellington Management Company2, Hobart Corporation3, University of California, Davis4, University of California, Santa Cruz5, National Scientific and Technical Research Council6, WorldFish7, Australian Institute of Marine Science8, Imperial College London9, University of Iceland10, University of British Columbia11
TL;DR: Marine reserves are a promising tool for fisheries management and conservation of biodiversity, but they are not a panacea for fishery management problems as discussed by the authors, and their successful use requires a case-by-case understanding of the spatial structure of impacted fisheries, ecosystems and human communities.
665 citations
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TL;DR: Fisheries around the world are managed with a broad range of institutional structures that usually involve institutional systems that provide incentives to individual operators that lead to behaviour consistent with conservation.
Abstract: Fisheries around the world are managed with a broad range of institutional structures. Some of these have been quite disastrous, whereas others have proven both biologically and economically successful. Unsuccessful systems have generally involved either open access, attempts at top-down control with poor ability to monitor and implement regulations, or reliance on consensus. Successful systems range from local cooperatives to strong governmental control, to various forms of property rights, but usually involve institutional systems that provide incentives to individual operators that lead to behaviour consistent with conservation.
433 citations
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University of Washington1, University of Victoria2, University of California, Santa Barbara3, University of Cape Town4, Rutgers University5, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation6, Wildlife Conservation Society7, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology8, European Commission9, The Nature Conservancy10, Food and Agriculture Organization11
TL;DR: Estimates of the status of fish stocks from all available scientific assessments are compiled, and it is shown that, on average, fish stocks are increasing where they are assessed, and where fisheries management is less intense, stock status and trends are worse.
Abstract: Marine fish stocks are an important part of the world food system and are particularly important for many of the poorest people of the world. Most existing analyses suggest overfishing is increasing, and there is widespread concern that fish stocks are decreasing throughout most of the world. We assembled trends in abundance and harvest rate of stocks that are scientifically assessed, constituting half of the reported global marine fish catch. For these stocks, on average, abundance is increasing and is at proposed target levels. Compared with regions that are intensively managed, regions with less-developed fisheries management have, on average, 3-fold greater harvest rates and half the abundance as assessed stocks. Available evidence suggests that the regions without assessments of abundance have little fisheries management, and stocks are in poor shape. Increased application of area-appropriate fisheries science recommendations and management tools are still needed for sustaining fisheries in places where they are lacking.
346 citations
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University of California, Santa Barbara1, Shanghai Jiao Tong University2, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile3, Harvard University4, Iwate University5, University of Washington6, University of Cape Town7, Stanford University8, Norwegian School of Economics9, University of Vigo10, National Scientific and Technical Research Council11, WorldFish12, Oregon State University13
TL;DR: Modelled supply curves show that, with policy reform and technological innovation, the production of food from the sea may increase sustainably, perhaps supplying 25% of the increase in demand for meat products by 2050.
Abstract: Global food demand is rising, and serious questions remain about whether supply can increase sustainably1 Land-based expansion is possible but may exacerbate climate change and biodiversity loss, and compromise the delivery of other ecosystem services2–6 As food from the sea represents only 17% of the current production of edible meat, we ask how much food we can expect the ocean to sustainably produce by 2050 Here we examine the main food-producing sectors in the ocean—wild fisheries, finfish mariculture and bivalve mariculture—to estimate ‘sustainable supply curves’ that account for ecological, economic, regulatory and technological constraints We overlay these supply curves with demand scenarios to estimate future seafood production We find that under our estimated demand shifts and supply scenarios (which account for policy reform and technology improvements), edible food from the sea could increase by 21–44 million tonnes by 2050, a 36–74% increase compared to current yields This represents 12–25% of the estimated increase in all meat needed to feed 98 billion people by 2050 Increases in all three sectors are likely, but are most pronounced for mariculture Whether these production potentials are realized sustainably will depend on factors such as policy reforms, technological innovation and the extent of future shifts in demand Modelled supply curves show that, with policy reform and technological innovation, the production of food from the sea may increase sustainably, perhaps supplying 25% of the increase in demand for meat products by 2050
346 citations
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28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。
18,940 citations
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TL;DR: Zoning the oceans into unfished marine reserves and areas with limited levels of fishing effort would allow sustainable fisheries, based on resources embedded in functional, diverse ecosystems.
Abstract: Fisheries have rarely been 'sustainable'. Rather, fishing has induced serial depletions, long masked by improved technology, geographic expansion and exploitation of previously spurned species lower in the food web. With global catches declining since the late 1980s, continuation of present trends will lead to supply shortfall, for which aquaculture cannot be expected to compensate, and may well exacerbate. Reducing fishing capacity to appropriate levels will require strong reductions of subsidies. Zoning the oceans into unfished marine reserves and areas with limited levels of fishing effort would allow sustainable fisheries, based on resources embedded in functional, diverse ecosystems.
2,896 citations
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TL;DR: The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) has been described by some as a long-lived El Nino-like pattern of Pacific climate variability, and by others as a blend of two sometimes independent modes having distinct spatial and temporal characteristics of North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) has been described by some as a long-lived El Nino-like pattern of Pacific climate variability, and by others as a blend of two sometimes independent modes having distinct spatial and temporal characteristics of North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability. A growing body of evidence highlights a strong tendency for PDO impacts in the Southern Hemisphere, with important surface climate anomalies over the mid-latitude South Pacific Ocean, Australia and South America. Several independent studies find evidence for just two full PDO cycles in the past century: “cool” PDO regimes prevailed from 1890–1924 and again from 1947–1976, while “warm” PDO regimes dominated from 1925–1946 and from 1977 through (at least) the mid-1990's. Interdecadal changes in Pacific climate have widespread impacts on natural systems, including water resources in the Americas and many marine fisheries in the North Pacific. Tree-ring and Pacific coral based climate reconstructions suggest that PDO variations—at a range of varying time scales—can be traced back to at least 1600, although there are important differences between different proxy reconstructions. While 20th Century PDO fluctuations were most energetic in two general periodicities—one from 15-to-25 years, and the other from 50-to-70 years—the mechanisms causing PDO variability remain unclear. To date, there is little in the way of observational evidence to support a mid-latitude coupled air-sea interaction for PDO, though there are several well-understood mechanisms that promote multi-year persistence in North Pacific upper ocean temperature anomalies.
2,583 citations