Anam Nawaz Khan

Bio: Anam Nawaz Khan is an academic researcher from Jeju National University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Energy consumption & Cluster analysis. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 3 publications receiving 10 citations.

Ensemble Prediction Approach Based on Learning to Statistical Model for Efficient Building Energy Consumption Management

Abstract: With the development of modern power systems (smart grid), energy consumption prediction becomes an essential aspect of resource planning and operations. In the last few decades, industrial and commercial buildings have thoroughly been investigated for consumption patterns. However, due to the unavailability of data, the residential buildings could not get much attention. During the last few years, many solutions have been devised for predicting electric consumption; however, it remains a challenging task due to the dynamic nature of residential consumption patterns. Therefore, a more robust solution is required to improve the model performance and achieve a better prediction accuracy. This paper presents an ensemble approach based on learning to a statistical model to predict the short-term energy consumption of a multifamily residential building. Our proposed approach utilizes Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Kalman Filter (KF) to build an ensemble prediction model to predict short term energy demands of multifamily residential buildings. The proposed approach uses real energy data acquired from the multifamily residential building, South Korea. Different statistical measures are used, such as mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and R2 score, to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach and compare it with existing models. The experimental results reveal that the proposed approach predicts accurately and outperforms the existing models. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is performed to evaluate and compare the proposed model with conventional machine learning models. The experimental results show the effectiveness and significance of the proposed approach compared to existing energy prediction models. The proposed approach will support energy management to effectively plan and manage the energy supply and demands of multifamily residential buildings.

Boreholes Data Analysis Architecture Based on Clustering and Prediction Models for Enhancing Underground Safety Verification

Abstract: During the last decade, substantial resources have been invested to exploit massive amounts of boreholes data collected through groundwater extraction. Furthermore, boreholes depth can be considered one of the crucial factors in digging borehole efficiency. Therefore, a new solution is needed to process and analyze boreholes data to monitor digging operations and identify the boreholes shortcomings. This research study presents a boreholes data analysis architecture based on data and predictive analysis models to improve borehole efficiency, underground safety verification, and risk evaluation. The proposed architecture aims to process and analyze borehole data based on different hydrogeological characteristics using data and predictive analytics to enhance underground safety verification and planning of borehole resources. The proposed architecture is developed based on two modules; descriptive data analysis and predictive analysis modules. The descriptive analysis aims to utilize data and clustering analysis techniques to process and extract hidden hydrogeological characteristics from borehole history data. The predictive analysis aims to develop a bi-directional long short-term memory (BD-LSTM) to predict the boreholes depth to minimize the cost and time of the digging operations. Furthermore, different performance measures are utilized to evaluate the performance of the proposed clustering and regression models. Moreover, our proposed BD-LSTM model is evaluated and compared with conventional machine learning (ML) regression models. The $R^{2}$ score of the proposed BD-LSTM is 0.989, which indicates that the proposed model accurately and precisely predicts boreholes depth compared to the conventional regression models. The experimental and comparative analysis results reveal the significance and effectiveness of the proposed borehole data analysis architecture. The experimental results will improve underground safety management and the efficiency of boreholes for future wells.

Toward Effective Pattern Recognition Based on Enhanced Weighted K-Mean Clustering Algorithm for Groundwater Resource Planning in Point Cloud

Abstract: Recently groundwater scarcity has accelerated drilling operations worldwide as drilled boreholes are substantial for replenishing the needs of safe drinking water and achieving long-term sustainable development goals. However, the quest for achieving optimal drilling efficiency is ever continued. This paper aims to provide valuable insights into borehole drilling data utilizing the potential of advanced analytics by employing several enhanced cluster analysis techniques to propel drilling efficiency optimization and knowledge discovery. The study proposed an L2-weighted K-mean clustering algorithm in which the mean is computed from transformed weighted feature space. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed L2-weighted K-mean algorithm, we performed a comparative analysis of the proposed work with traditional clustering algorithms to estimate the digging time and depth for different soil materials and land layers. The proposed clustering scheme is evaluated widely used evaluation metrics such as Dunn Index, Davies–Bouldin index (DBI), Silhouette coefficient (SC), and Calinski–Harabaz Index (CHI). The study results highlight the significance of the proposed clustering algorithm as it achieved better clustering results than conventional clustering approaches. Moreover, for facilitation of subsequent learning, achievement of reliable classification, and generalization, we performed feature extraction based on the time interval of the drilling process according to soil material and land layer. We formulated the solution by grouping the extracted features into six different blocks to achieve our desired objective. Each block corresponds to various characteristics of soil materials and land layers. Extracted features are examined and visualized in point cloud space to analyze the water level patterns, depth, and days required to complete the drilling operations.

An OCF-IoTivity enabled smart-home optimal indoor environment control system for energy and comfort optimization

Abstract: The growing energy demand with diminishing energy resources calls for development of optimal indoor control system through accurate energy and occupant comfort modeling in a smart-home. While some major obstacles faced by smart-home IoT network are heterogeneity and disparate IP frameworks resulting in a connectivity and interoperability issues. In this paper we developed a new Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF) based prediction assisted optimal control framework for optimizing energy consumption and maximizing occupant comfort in smart-home. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to design a scalable, secure, and inter-operable optimal control solution for smart-home IoT networks. The developed framework Offloads machine learning models on IoT device for accurate energy and thermal comfort modeling to enable prediction assisted optimization.The system enables edge analytics using deep learning based inference models for proactive response. For optimization standard Firefly algorithm is modified based on inertia weight approach to achieve improved performance. OCF based optimal actuator control test bed deployment and real-time experimentation is conducted to evaluate the performance of the system. Empirical investigation verified the effectiveness of proposed framework with energy saving scope of 36.82%, 5 s average response time and 3.36 ms Round Trip Time.

A Topical Review on Machine Learning, Software Defined Networking, Internet of Things Applications: Research Limitations and Challenges

Abstract: In recent years, rapid development has been made to the Internet of Things communication technologies, infrastructure, and physical resources management. These developments and research trends address challenges such as heterogeneous communication, quality of service requirements, unpredictable network conditions, and a massive influx of data. One major contribution to the research world is in the form of software-defined networking applications, which aim to deploy rule-based management to control and add intelligence to the network using high-level policies to have integral control of the network without knowing issues related to low-level configurations. Machine learning techniques coupled with software-defined networking can make the networking decision more intelligent and robust. The Internet of Things application has recently adopted virtualization of resources and network control with software-defined networking policies to make the traffic more controlled and maintainable. However, the requirements of software-defined networking and the Internet of Things must be aligned to make the adaptations possible. This paper aims to discuss the possible ways to make software-defined networking enabled Internet of Things application and discusses the challenges solved using the Internet of Things leveraging the software-defined network. We provide a topical survey of the application and impact of software-defined networking on the Internet of things networks. We also study the impact of machine learning techniques applied to software-defined networking and its application perspective. The study is carried out from the different perspectives of software-based Internet of Things networks, including wide-area networks, edge networks, and access networks. Machine learning techniques are presented from the perspective of network resources management, security, classification of traffic, quality of experience, and quality of service prediction. Finally, we discuss challenges and issues in adopting machine learning and software-defined networking for the Internet of Things applications.

An Ensemble Energy Consumption Forecasting Model Based on Spatial-Temporal Clustering Analysis in Residential Buildings

Abstract: Due to the availability of smart metering infrastructure, high-resolution electric consumption data is readily available to study the dynamics of residential electric consumption at finely resolved spatial and temporal scales. Analyzing the electric consumption data enables the policymakers and building owners to understand consumer’s demand-consumption behaviors. Furthermore, analysis and accurate forecasting of electric consumption are substantial for consumer involvement in time-of-use tariffs, critical peak pricing, and consumer-specific demand response initiatives. Alongside its vast economic and sustainability implications, such as energy wastage and decarbonization of the energy sector, accurate consumption forecasting facilitates power system planning and stable grid operations. Energy consumption forecasting is an active research area; despite the abundance of devised models, electric consumption forecasting in residential buildings remains challenging due to high occupant energy use behavior variability. Hence the search for an appropriate model for accurate electric consumption forecasting is ever continuing. To this aim, this paper presents a spatial and temporal ensemble forecasting model for short-term electric consumption forecasting. The proposed work involves exploring electric consumption profiles at the apartment level through cluster analysis based on the k-means algorithm. The ensemble forecasting model consists of two deep learning models; Long Short-Term Memory Unit (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). First, the apartment-level historical electric consumption data is clustered. Later the clusters are aggregated based on consumption profiles of consumers. At the building and floor level, the ensemble models are trained using aggregated electric consumption data. The proposed ensemble model forecasts the electric consumption at three spatial scales apartment, building, and floor level for hourly, daily, and weekly forecasting horizon. Furthermore, the impact of spatial-temporal granularity and cluster analysis on the prediction accuracy is analyzed. The dataset used in this study comprises high-resolution electric consumption data acquired through smart meters recorded on an hourly basis over the period of one year. The consumption data belongs to four multifamily residential buildings situated in an urban area of South Korea. To prove the effectiveness of our proposed forecasting model, we compared our model with widely known machine learning models and deep learning variants. The results achieved by our proposed ensemble scheme verify that model has learned the sequential behavior of electric consumption by producing superior performance with the lowest MAPE of 4.182 and 4.54 at building and floor level prediction, respectively. The experimental findings suggest that the model has efficiently captured the dynamic electric consumption characteristics to exploit ensemble model diversities and achieved lower forecasting error. The proposed ensemble forecasting scheme is well suited for predictive modeling and short-term load forecasting.

Comprehensive Survey of IoT, Machine Learning, and Blockchain for Health Care Applications: A Topical Assessment for Pandemic Preparedness, Challenges, and Solutions

Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) communication technologies have brought immense revolutions in various domains, especially in health monitoring systems. Machine learning techniques coupled with advanced artificial intelligence techniques detect patterns associated with diseases and health conditions. Presently, the scientific community is focused on enhancing IoT-enabled applications by integrating blockchain technology with machine learning models to benefit medical report management, drug traceability, tracking infectious diseases, etc. To date, contemporary state-of-the-art techniques have presented various efforts on the adaptability of blockchain and machine learning in IoT applications; however, there exist various essential aspects that must also be incorporated to achieve more robust performance. This study presents a comprehensive survey of emerging IoT technologies, machine learning, and blockchain for healthcare applications. The reviewed articles comprise a plethora of research articles published in the web of science. The analysis is focused on research articles related to keywords such as ‘machine learning’, blockchain, ‘Internet of Things or IoT’, and keywords conjoined with ‘healthcare’ and ‘health application’ in six famous publisher databases, namely IEEEXplore, Nature, ScienceDirect, MDPI, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. We selected and reviewed 263 articles in total. The topical survey of the contemporary IoT-based models is presented in healthcare domains in three steps. Firstly, a detailed analysis of healthcare applications of IoT, blockchain, and machine learning demonstrates the importance of the discussed fields. Secondly, the adaptation mechanism of machine learning and blockchain in IoT for healthcare applications are discussed to delineate the scope of the mentioned techniques in IoT domains. Finally, the challenges and issues of healthcare applications based on machine learning, blockchain, and IoT are discussed. The presented future directions in this domain can significantly help the scholarly community determine research gaps to address.

AI-big data analytics for building automation and management systems: a survey, actual challenges and future perspectives

Abstract: Abstract In theory, building automation and management systems (BAMSs) can provide all the components and functionalities required for analyzing and operating buildings. However, in reality, these systems can only ensure the control of heating ventilation and air conditioning system systems. Therefore, many other tasks are left to the operator, e.g. evaluating buildings’ performance, detecting abnormal energy consumption, identifying the changes needed to improve efficiency, ensuring the security and privacy of end-users, etc. To that end, there has been a movement for developing artificial intelligence (AI) big data analytic tools as they offer various new and tailor-made solutions that are incredibly appropriate for practical buildings’ management. Typically, they can help the operator in (i) analyzing the tons of connected equipment data; and; (ii) making intelligent, efficient, and on-time decisions to improve the buildings’ performance. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic survey on using AI-big data analytics in BAMSs. It covers various AI-based tasks, e.g. load forecasting, water management, indoor environmental quality monitoring, occupancy detection, etc. The first part of this paper adopts a well-designed taxonomy to overview existing frameworks. A comprehensive review is conducted about different aspects, including the learning process, building environment, computing platforms, and application scenario. Moving on, a critical discussion is performed to identify current challenges. The second part aims at providing the reader with insights into the real-world application of AI-big data analytics. Thus, three case studies that demonstrate the use of AI-big data analytics in BAMSs are presented, focusing on energy anomaly detection in residential and office buildings and energy and performance optimization in sports facilities. Lastly, future directions and valuable recommendations are identified to improve the performance and reliability of BAMSs in intelligent buildings.