Author
André Lallemand
Bio: André Lallemand is an academic researcher from University of Lyon. The author has contributed to research in topics: Porous medium & Thermodynamic equilibrium. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 676 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a thermodynamic study of the liquid-solid phase transformations in porous materials provides the relationships between the size of the pores in which solidification takes place and the temperature of the triple point of the divided liquid, on the one hand, and between this temperature and the apparent solidification energy on the other hand.
703 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a new analysis tool was developed to quantify the experimentally observed changes in morphology of portlandite, allowing the calculation of the relative surface energies of the crystal facets.
2,498 citations
TL;DR: A review of nonsolvent induced phase separation membrane preparation and characterization for many commonly used membrane polymers is presented in this article, which includes membrane porosity and pore size distribution characterization, membrane physical and chemical properties characterization, and thermodynamic and kinetic evaluation of phase inversion process.
Abstract: The methods and mechanisms of nonsolvent induced phase separation have been studied for more than fifty years. Today, phase inversion membranes are widely used in numerous chemical industries, biotechnology, and environmental separation processes. The body of knowledge has grown exponentially in the past fifty years, which suggests the need for a critical review of the literature. Here we present a review of nonsolvent induced phase separation membrane preparation and characterization for many commonly used membrane polymers. The key factors in membrane preparation discussed include the solvent type, polymer type and concentration, nonsolvent system type and composition, additives to the polymer solution, and film casting conditions. A brief introduction to membrane characterization is also given, which includes membrane porosity and pore size distribution characterization, membrane physical and chemical properties characterization, and thermodynamic and kinetic evaluation of the phase inversion process. ...
1,063 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the forces that produce shrinkage and the mechanisms responsible for transport of liquid, and a variety of strategies for avoiding fracture during drying were discussed, with the emphasis on the constant rate period (CRP) when the pores are full of liquid.
Abstract: This review examines the stages of drying, with the emphasis on the constant rate period (CRP), when the pores are full of liquid. It is during the CRP that most of the shrinkage occurs and the drying stresses rise to a maximum. We examine the forces that produce shrinkage and the mechanisms responsible for transport of liquid. By analyzing the interplay of fluid flow and shrinkage of the solid network, it is possible to calculate the pressure distribution in the liquid in the pores. The tension in the liquid is found to be greatest near the drying surface, resulting in greater compressive stresses on the network in that region. This produces differential shrinkage of the solid, which is the cause of cracking during drying. The probability of fracture is related to the size of the body, the rate of evaporation, and the strength of the network. A variety of strategies for avoiding fracture during drying are discussed.
977 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the thermodynamics of crystallization within porous materials and the factors that influence stress development and cracking, including the pore size, the energy of the interface between pore wall and the crystal, and the yield stress or buckling strength of the crystal.
928 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the solid-liquid phase transition temperatures and heats of fusion ΔH f of nonpolar organic solids confined in the pores of controlled pore glasses by differential scanning calorimetry.
Abstract: The solid–liquidphase transition temperatures and heats of fusion ΔH f of nonpolar organic solids confined in the pores of controlled pore glasses were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The pore diameters d were in the range of 40–730 A and the organics studied were cis‐decalin, trans‐decalin, cyclohexane, benzene, chlorobenzene, naphthalene, and heptane. In accordance with previous reports on studies of primarily inorganic materials, the melting point of the pore solidT(d) decreased with decreasing pore diameter. In addition, a large reduction in the bulk enthalpy of fusion ΔH f of the pore solid was measured, which apparently has not been studied in detail by other workers. A linear correlation was found between the melting point depression (ΔT m ) and the reciprocal diameter, as predicted by theories of solidification in a capillary. The calculated values of the solid–liquid interfacial energy σsl were in reasonable agreement with values reported in the literature based on other methods of measurement.
773 citations