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Andreas Rüst

Bio: Andreas Rüst is an academic researcher from Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library. The author has contributed to research in topics: Authentication & Wireless sensor network. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 11 publications receiving 59 citations. Previous affiliations of Andreas Rüst include Zurich University of Applied Sciences/ZHAW.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Test results show that the synchronous LoRa mesh network approach clearly outperforms the standard LoRaWAN technique with regard to the reliability of packet delivery when transmitting from range-critical locations, which is expected to generally ease data collection from difficult-to-access locations such as underground areas.
Abstract: Collecting precise real-time information on urban drainage system performance is essential to identify, predict, and manage critical loading situations, such as urban flash floods and sewer overflows. Although emerging low-power wireless communication techniques allow efficient data transfers with great above-ground performance, for underground or indoor applications in a large coverage range are difficult to achieve due to physical and topological limitations, particularly in dense urban areas. In this paper, we first discuss the range limitations of the LoRaWAN standard based on a systematic evaluation of a long-term operation of a sensor network monitoring in-sewer process dynamics. Analyses reveal an-on average-five-fold higher data packet loss for sub-surface nodes, which steadily grows with increasing distance to the gateway. Second, we present a novel LPWAN concept based on the LoRaR technology that enhances transmission reliability, efficiency, and flexibility in range-critical situations through meshed multi-hop routing and ensures a precise time-synchronization through optional GPS or DCF77 long-wave time signaling. Third, we illustrate the usefulness of the newly developed concept by evaluating the radio transmission performance for two independent full-scale field tests. Test results show that the synchronous LoRa mesh network approach clearly outperforms the standard LoRaWAN technique with regard to the reliability of packet delivery when transmitting from range-critical locations. Hence, the approach is expected to generally ease data collection from difficult-to-access locations such as underground areas.

84 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A relatively simple and inexpensive real time location system (RTLS) was developed with the aim of achieving precise localization of several tags (animals) in real time and in a real barn environment and according to the field test, the system as developed can be used for the individual localization of animals.

12 citations

DOI
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of secure elements and provide a generic overview of their features, serving as starting point to work with secure elements.
Abstract: The emergence of new low power IoT networks in which leaf nodes have native IPv6 connectivity and the grown awareness for data protection of IoT devices require leaf nodes to provide a higher level of security, similar to the level of a standard computer system. Especially in terms of energy consumption and device cost, the intensive cryptographic operations of well-known computer security algorithms are a big challenge for resource constrained devices. To face these challenges, semiconductor vendors have recently introduced new dedicated hardware, so called secure elements. These devices provide hardware accelerated support for cryptographic operations and tamper proof memory for the secure storage of cryptographically sensitive material. Moreover, they employ specific techniques against socalled side channel attacks. The paper describes and specifies different classes of secure elements and discusses their opportunities and challenges. Furthermore, the paper provides multiple detailed examples how secure elements can be used for different applications. Finally, this paper briefly presents general measurement results from a performed evaluation with four selected secure elements from different vendors. A more complete report about the performed evaluation will be presented in a following paper. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of secure elements and provide a generic overview of their features, serving as starting point to work with secure elements. Keywords—IoT security, secure elements, hardware cryptography, authentication, tamper proof memory, side channel protection, resource constrained devices, Thread network,

8 citations

DOI
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: The experiences made during the design, implementation and test of an energy efficient wireless interface to a data logger are discussed and the implemented approaches to optimize these parameters are introduced.
Abstract: Modern data loggers record and store large amounts of data from many different types of sensors. This enables their use in various applications to capture different measurands. However wireless access to the recorded data opens countless possibilities for novel and innovative applications, for example in the health monitoring of humans or livestock. In many of these applications a central device connects simultaneously to several data loggers. This paper discusses the experiences made during the design, implementation and test of an energy efficient wireless interface to a data logger. The implemented system serves as an application example for Bluetooth Smart. It allows a user to monitor ongoing measurements of several data loggers through a smartphone. Additionally the recorded data of several loggers can be simultaneously uploaded to a central gateway. The available Bluetooth Smart chips and software stacks place limitations on usable bandwidth as well as on the number of simultaneous connections. Although most modern smartphones include hardware for Bluetooth Smart, implementations differ widely across platforms, thus creating additional effort for the app programmer. This paper presents measurement results and introduces the implemented approaches to optimize these parameters.

2 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: The paper discusses the development of a multi-vendor evaluation platform, adopting the widespread Arduino shield form factor, that features secure elements from five different vendors and can be easily fitted to various microcontroller development boards.
Abstract: Security for resource constrained IoT devices is an important subject. Rising awareness and up-coming regulations will require manufacturers to increase the level of security on their IoT devices. Semiconductor vendors are addressing this demand with dedicated chips, so-called secure elements. Secure elements provide hardware accelerated support for cryptographic operations and tamper proof memory for the secure storage of cryptographically sensitive material. Specifically, they physically isolate sensitive cryptographic material from the application. However, experience from various projects shows, that the selection and the integration of a secure element into a specific application represents a challenge. Accordingly, the paper discusses the development of a multi-vendor evaluation platform. Particularly, the platform, adopting the widespread Arduino shield form factor, features secure elements from five different vendors. Together with the provided integration into Zephyr OS, the board can be easily fitted to various microcontroller development boards. The presented work intends to support developers in the selection process for secure elements and therefore to contribute to their adoption in IoT devices.

1 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: TS-LoRa is proposed, an approach that tackles overheads of LoRaWAN by allowing devices to self-organise and determine their slot positions in a frame autonomously and only one dedicated slot in each frame is used to ensure global synchronisation and handle acknowledgements.

103 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: LoRaWAN technology, the state of art studies in the literature and open opportunities are introduced and theses will provide open opportunities.
Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) expansion led the market to find alternative communication technologies since existing protocols are insufficient in terms of coverage, energy consumption to fit IoT needs. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) emerged as an alternative cost-effective communication technology for the IoT market. LoRaWAN is an open LPWAN standard developed by LoRa Alliance and has key features i.e., low energy consumption, long-range communication, builtin security, GPS-free positioning. In this paper, we will introduce LoRaWAN technology, the state of art studies in the literature and provide open opportunities.

91 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the recent progress of precision livestock farming (PLF) in the last seven years (2013-2019) on dairy cattle farming, taking into account health, welfare and production aspects, together with animal behaviour, environmental barn conditions and their effect on the three pillars of sustainability.

91 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
31 Jul 2020-Sensors
TL;DR: This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art multihop proposals for LoRaWAN, and carried out a comparative analysis and classification, considering technical characteristics, intermediate devices function, and network topologies.
Abstract: The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) led to the deployment of many applications that use wireless networks, like smart cities and smart agriculture. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) meet many requirements of IoT, such as energy efficiency, low cost, large coverage area, and large-scale deployment. Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) networks are one of the most studied and implemented LPWAN technologies, due to the facility to build private networks with an open standard. Typical LoRaWAN networks are single-hop in a star topology, composed of end-devices that transmit data directly to gateways. Recently, several studies proposed multihop LoRaWAN networks, thus forming wireless mesh networks. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art multihop proposals for LoRaWAN. In addition, we carried out a comparative analysis and classification, considering technical characteristics, intermediate devices function, and network topologies. This paper also discusses open issues and future directions to realize the full potential of multihop networking. We hope to encourage other researchers to work on improving the performance of LoRaWAN mesh networks, with more theoretical and simulation analysis, as well as practical deployments.

61 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This survey of the international urban water community received an active response from both the academics and the professionals from the water industry, and demonstrated that emerging topics for urban water will often involve experts from different communities.
Abstract: Ubiquitous sensing will create many opportunities and threats for urban water management, which are only poorly understood today. To identify the most relevant trends, we conducted a horizon scan regarding how ubiquitous sensing will shape the future of urban drainage and wastewater management. Our survey of the international urban water community received an active response from both the academics and the professionals from the water industry. The analysis of the responses demonstrates that emerging topics for urban water will often involve experts from different communities, including aquatic ecologists, urban water system engineers and managers, as well as information and communications technology professionals and computer scientists. Activities in topics that are identified as novel will either require (i) cross-disciplinary training, such as importing new developments from the IT sector, or (ii) research in new areas for urban water specialists, for example, to help solve open questions in aquatic ecology. These results are, therefore, a call for interdisciplinary research beyond our own discipline. They also demonstrate that the water management community is not yet prepared for the digital transformation, where we will experience a data demand, i.e. a "pull" of urban water data into external services. The results suggest that a lot remains to be done to harvest the upcoming opportunities. Horizon scanning should be repeated on a routine basis, under the umbrella of an experienced polling organization.

39 citations