Author
Andrew J M Leather
Other affiliations: University of Cambridge, King's College
Bio: Andrew J M Leather is an academic researcher from King's College London. The author has contributed to research in topics: Sierra leone & Global health. The author has an hindex of 23, co-authored 87 publications receiving 4008 citations. Previous affiliations of Andrew J M Leather include University of Cambridge & King's College.
Topics: Sierra leone, Global health, Medicine, Health care, Population
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Boston Children's Hospital1, Harvard University2, King's College London3, Lund University4, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary5, University of São Paulo6, University of California, San Diego7, Imperial College London8, Brigham and Women's Hospital9, Partners In Health10, Royal North Shore Hospital11, Medical College of Wisconsin12, Monash University13, Nanyang Technological University14, University of Sierra Leone15, University of Oxford16, Mongolian National University17, Flinders University18, University of Malawi19, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center20, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre21, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons22, Stanford University23, University of California, San Francisco24
TL;DR: The need for surgical services in low- and middleincome countries will continue to rise substantially from now until 2030, with a large projected increase in the incidence of cancer, road traffic injuries, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in LMICs.
2,209 citations
King's College London1, HealthPartners2, Obafemi Awolowo University3, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center4, University of Washington5, University of Liverpool6, University of London7, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust8, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center9, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center10, University of Toronto11, Institut Gustave Roussy12, University of Oxford13, Lund University14, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile15, University of Texas at Austin16, Union for International Cancer Control17, Peking University18, Boston Children's Hospital19, Indiana University20, Harvard University21, Cairo University22, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill23, University of Zambia24, Leiden University25, European Institute of Oncology26, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre27, Deakin University28, Barwon Health29, Peking Union Medical College30, Guangdong General Hospital31
TL;DR: To deliver safe, affordable, and timely cancer surgery to all, surgery must be at the heart of global and national cancer control planning and wide equity and economic gaps are found.
Abstract: Surgery is essential for global cancer care in all resource settings. Of the 15.2 million new cases of cancer in 2015, over 80% of cases will need surgery, some several times. By 2030, we estimate that annually 45 million surgical procedures will be needed worldwide. Yet, less than 25% of patients with cancer worldwide actually get safe, affordable, or timely surgery. This Commission on global cancer surgery, building on Global Surgery 2030, has examined the state of global cancer surgery through an analysis of the burden of surgical disease and breadth of cancer surgery, economics and financing, factors for strengthening surgical systems for cancer with multiple-country studies, the research agenda, and the political factors that frame policy making in this area. We found wide equity and economic gaps in global cancer surgery. Many patients throughout the world do not have access to cancer surgery, and the failure to train more cancer surgeons and strengthen systems could result in as much as US $6.2 trillion in lost cumulative gross domestic product by 2030. Many of the key adjunct treatment modalities for cancer surgery--e.g., pathology and imaging--are also inadequate. Our analysis identified substantial issues, but also highlights solutions and innovations. Issues of access, a paucity of investment in public surgical systems, low investment in research, and training and education gaps are remarkably widespread. Solutions include better regulated public systems, international partnerships, super-centralisation of surgical services, novel surgical clinical trials, and new approaches to improve quality and scale up cancer surgical systems through education and training. Our key messages are directed at many global stakeholders, but the central message is that to deliver safe, affordable, and timely cancer surgery to all, surgery must be at the heart of global and national cancer control planning.
409 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of folate status, DNA methylation, and polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677C→T and 1298A→C), methionine synthase (MS 2756A→G), and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS 844ins68) on risk for colorectal neoplasia was reported.
259 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Low folate status and DNA hypomethylation are associated with colorectal neoplasia and high folatestatus was associated with decreased risk for cancer.
259 citations
TL;DR: The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery will engage experts across the global health community to find the best strategies for provision of surgical care with a focus on low-income and middle-income health systems, while also recognising the major issues related to equitable delivery of high-quality surgical care in areas of confl ict, disaster, and in high-income settings.
190 citations
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TL;DR: Many of the estimated cancer cases and deaths can be prevented through reducing the prevalence of risk factors, while increasing the effectiveness of clinical care delivery, particularly for those living in rural areas and in disadvantaged populations.
Abstract: With increasing incidence and mortality, cancer is the leading cause of death in China and is a major public health problem. Because of China's massive population (1.37 billion), previous national incidence and mortality estimates have been limited to small samples of the population using data from the 1990s or based on a specific year. With high-quality data from an additional number of population-based registries now available through the National Central Cancer Registry of China, the authors analyzed data from 72 local, population-based cancer registries (2009-2011), representing 6.5% of the population, to estimate the number of new cases and cancer deaths for 2015. Data from 22 registries were used for trend analyses (2000-2011). The results indicated that an estimated 4292,000 new cancer cases and 2814,000 cancer deaths would occur in China in 2015, with lung cancer being the most common incident cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Stomach, esophageal, and liver cancers were also commonly diagnosed and were identified as leading causes of cancer death. Residents of rural areas had significantly higher age-standardized (Segi population) incidence and mortality rates for all cancers combined than urban residents (213.6 per 100,000 vs 191.5 per 100,000 for incidence; 149.0 per 100,000 vs 109.5 per 100,000 for mortality, respectively). For all cancers combined, the incidence rates were stable during 2000 through 2011 for males (+0.2% per year; P = .1), whereas they increased significantly (+2.2% per year; P < .05) among females. In contrast, the mortality rates since 2006 have decreased significantly for both males (-1.4% per year; P < .05) and females (-1.1% per year; P < .05). Many of the estimated cancer cases and deaths can be prevented through reducing the prevalence of risk factors, while increasing the effectiveness of clinical care delivery, particularly for those living in rural areas and in disadvantaged populations.
13,073 citations
TL;DR: For most cancers, 5-year net survival remains among the highest in the world in the USA and Canada, in Australia and New Zealand, and in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, while for many cancers, Denmark is closing the survival gap with the other Nordic countries.
2,756 citations
TL;DR: This timeline traces the field from its conception to the present day and addresses the genetic basis of epigenetic changes — an emerging area that promises to unite cancer genetics and epigenetics, and might serve as a model for understanding the epigenetic basis of human disease more generally.
Abstract: Since its discovery in 1983, the epigenetics of human cancer has been in the shadows of human cancer genetics. But this area has become increasingly visible with a growing understanding of specific epigenetic mechanisms and their role in cancer, including hypomethylation, hypermethylation, loss of imprinting and chromatin modification. This timeline traces the field from its conception to the present day. It also addresses the genetic basis of epigenetic changes — an emerging area that promises to unite cancer genetics and epigenetics, and might serve as a model for understanding the epigenetic basis of human disease more generally.
2,240 citations