Andrew Smith

Bio: Andrew Smith is an academic researcher from Manchester Metropolitan University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Criminal justice & Cluster randomised controlled trial. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 5 publications receiving 16 citations.

The effectiveness of probation supervision towards reducing reoffending A Rapid Evidence Assessment

Abstract: In response to the lack of universal agreement about ‘What Works’ in probation supervision (Trotter, 2013) we undertook a Rapid Evidence Assessment of the empirical literature. Our analysis of research into the effect of probation supervision reducing reoffending included 13 studies, all of which employed robust research designs, originating in the USA, UK, Canada and Australia, published between 2006 and 2016. We describe the papers included in our review, and the meta-analyses of their findings. Overall, we found that the likelihood of reoffending was shown to be lower for offenders who had been exposed to some type of supervision. This finding should be interpreted cautiously however, given the heterogeneity of the studies. We suggest future research and methodological considerations to develop the evidence base concerning the effectiveness of probation supervision.

Piloting different approaches to personalised offender management in the English criminal justice system

Abstract: Various approaches to personalisation are well-established in the UK social care sector and are now starting to ‘travel’ to other sectors. In this paper we report findings from an evaluation of a p...

A Rapid Evidence Assessment of the impact of probation caseloads on reducing recidivism and other probation outcomes

Abstract: We undertook a Rapid Evidence Assessment to explore the existing empirical evidence relating to the impact of probation caseloads on recidivism. Over 3,000 potentially relevant papers were sifted f...

A Rapid Evidence Assessment to assess the effectiveness of remote supervision and new technologies in managing probation service users

Abstract: This bulletin is based on an evaluation of existing empirical evidence, examining the effectiveness of remote supervision approaches and emerging new technologies to manage probation service users and assist with their desistance from further offending. The focus is upon the use of technologies in the context of a supervisory relationship and the delivery of its fundamental characteristics, e.g. developing trust, challenging behaviours etc.

Whole School SEND (WSS) Review: study protocol for a two-arm pragmatic parallel cluster randomised controlled trial in 160 English secondary schools

Abstract: The trial will study the effects of the Whole School SEND Review on secondary school pupils in English mainstream education, to understand the impact of the intervention on academic attainment, wellbeing, and school attendance. The Review is designed to facilitate whole-school change through providing enhanced, intensive and sustained support and training in inclusive education for school special educational needs coordinators and leadership teams. The trial will have a specific focus on pupils designated as having special educational needs or disabilities. We recruited 160 English secondary schools (approx. 58,000 pupils across two cohorts) to a two-arm pragmatic parallel cluster randomised controlled trial, with allocation at the school level. Randomisation will be stratified by school region. The primary outcome is attainment in English language (using standardised national test results at 16 years) for pupils designated as having a special educational need (approx. 4000 pupils). Secondary outcomes will be measured for pupils both with and without a special educational need designation and include pupil wellbeing (measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), absences and exclusions, and attainment in Mathematics and English language at 16 years. The intervention will be implemented from July 2021 and analysis of outcomes (for the year 9 cohort) will take place in September 2023, with further analysis (for the year 8 cohort) in September 2024 if the evaluation shows that acceptable implementation fidelity has been achieved. Pupils with special educational needs represent a significant and often vulnerable part of the secondary school population, are disproportionately likely to be excluded from school, eligible for free school meals, or supported by children’s social care. Despite these multiple important areas of need, school leaders report substantial challenges in making additional provision for this group. Previous research has highlighted the development of inclusive school cultures (rather focusing primarily on targeted individualised approaches) as being important. This trial will investigate how an intervention designed to drive whole school change may lead to outcomes for pupils with and without a special educational needs designation. As such, this trial is expected to make an important contribution to research evidence and to UK educational policy. ISRCTN registry ISRCTN11339306 . Registered on 12 March 2020 (retrospectively registered).

Handbook Of Practical Program Evaluation

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Introduction to Evaluation

Abstract: This chapter provides a general overview of training evaluation and its usefulness in corporate training programs. By understanding the underlying purpose of training evaluation, a methodology can be established upon which to build when applying the Training Evaluation Process and its components to meet business needs.

Probation supervision as a network of relationships: Aiming to be thick, not thin:

Abstract: This article is about the networks of relationships (between people and between organisations) that underpin probation supervision. Drawing on evidence from a study researching these interactions, ...

Community-based sentencing orders and parole: A review of literature and evaluations across jurisdictions

Abstract: In October 2017, the Queensland Sentencing Advisory Council (QSAC) received a Terms of Reference from the Attorney-General and Leader of the House to examine community-based sentencing orders, imprisonment and parole options. This reference was made in response to recommendations made in the recent review of Queensland’s parole system (Sofronoff, 2016). In particular, QSAC was tasked with considering recommendations 2-5 of the report (Sofronoff, 2016, p. 23): • Recommendation 2: Court ordered parole should be retained. • Recommendation 3: A court should have the discretion to set a parole release date or a parole eligibility date for sentences of greater than three years where the offender has served a period of time on remand and the court considers that the appropriate further period in custody before parole should be no more than 12 months from the date of sentence. • Recommendation 4: A suitable entity, such as the Sentencing Advisory Council, should undertake a review into sentencing options and in particular, community based orders to advise the government of any necessary changes to sentencing options. • Recommendation 5: Court ordered parole should apply to a sentence imposed for a sexual offence. In response to Recommendation 4, QSAC commissioned a literature review to assist in informing its broader advice to the government. This report presents the findings of the review.

User experiences of online community support for mental ill health

Abstract: This doctoral study explores the use of online user-led community support forums for people with diagnosed and self-diagnosed mental ill health. The study is a qualitative analysis of three online forums and four semi-structured interviews incorporating twenty-nine participants. There is a lack of research into online communities using multiple methods, and my study uses two methods, virtual ethnography and semi-structured interviews, to ensure that there is a breadth and diversity to the research, allowing participants to choose different ways to participate. The thesis is framed within the context of austerity measures in the United Kingdom, and cuts in funding for many aspects of mental health social care. Negative attitudes to mental health issues by members of society and policymakers can lead to an increase in people isolated through lack of formal service support. The study explores the use of a particular form of support, online community support forums, an area that is currently experiencing a growth in research. My original contribution to knowledge is that peer-to-peer online communities enable people to construct their own mental health narrative by combining the lived experience of others with their own experience. By doing so, people can escape the social labelling, the stigma, and recreate a sense of self out of, or detached from, the medical and social discourses. This study highlighted how online forums can restore sociality and how online communities help people to clarify their own mental health narrative. As such, online forums and communities contribute to and are a new aspect of the health pathway. This research therefore, helps to inform gaps in health pathways, so that more suitable, cost-effective online resources can be created to reduce the effects of mental illness and support those who are unable to find support elsewhere.