Internet of Things security

Purpose




This paper aims to strive to close the current research gap pertaining to potential implications of the blockchain for supply chain management (SCM) by presenting a framework built on four established economic theories, namely, principal agent theory (PAT), transaction cost analysis (TCA), resource-based view (RBV) and network theory (NT). These theories can be used to derive research questions that are theory-based as well as relevant for the industry. This paper is intended to initiate and stimulate an academic discussion on the potential impact of the blockchain and introduces a framework for middle-range theorizing together with several research questions.




Design/methodology/approach




This paper builds on previous theories that are frequently used in SCM research and shows how they can be adapted to blockchain-related questions.




Findings




This paper introduces a framework for middle-range theorizing together with several research questions.




Research limitations/implications




The paper presents blockchain-related research questions derived from four frequently used theories, namely, PAT, TCA, RBV and (NT). These questions will guide future research pertaining to structural (PAT, TCA) and managerial issues (RBV, NT) and will foster middle-range theory development in SCM research.




Practical implications




Blockchain technology has the potential to significantly change SCM. Given the huge investments by industry, academic research is needed which investigates potential implications and supports companies. In this paper, various research questions are introduced that illustrate how the implications of blockchain on SCM can be investigated from different perspectives.




Originality/value




To the best of the author’s knowledge, no academic papers are published in leading academic journals that investigate the relationship between SCM and blockchain from a theory-based perspective.

/pdf/the-impact-of-the-blockchain-on-the-supply-chain-a-theory-1twp51zuci.pdf

The impact of the blockchain on the supply chain: a theory-based research framework and a call for action

Recursive algorithms where random observations enter are studied in a fairly general framework. An important feature is that the observations may depend on previous ?outputs? of the algorithm. The considered class of algorithms contains, e.g., stochastic approximation algorithms, recursive identification algorithms, and algorithms for adaptive control of linear systems. It is shown how a deterministic differential equation can be associated with the algorithm. Problems like convergence with probality one, possible convergence points and asymptotic behavior of the algorithm can all be studied in terms of this differential equation. Theorems stating the precise relationships between the differential equation and the algorithm are given as well as examples of applications of the results to problems in identification and adaptive control.

/pdf/analysis-of-recursive-stochastic-algorithms-2jezx55px8.pdf

Analysis of Recursive Stochastic Algorithms

Integrating the various embedded devices and systems in our environment enables an Internet of Things (IoT) for a smart city. The IoT will generate tremendous amount of data that can be leveraged for safety, efficiency, and infotainment applications and services for city residents. The management of this voluminous data through its lifecycle is fundamental to the realization of smart cities. Therefore, in contrast to existing surveys on smart cities we provide a data-centric perspective, describing the fundamental data management techniques employed to ensure consistency, interoperability, granularity, and reusability of the data generated by the underlying IoT for smart cities. Essentially, the data lifecycle in a smart city is dependent on tightly coupled data management with cross-cutting layers of data security and privacy, and supporting infrastructure. Therefore, we further identify techniques employed for data security and privacy, and discuss the networking and computing technologies that enable smart cities. We highlight the achievements in realizing various aspects of smart cities, present the lessons learned, and identify limitations and research challenges.

Smart Cities: A Survey on Data Management, Security, and Enabling Technologies

Software defined networking (SDN) brings about innovation, simplicity in network management, and configuration in network computing. Traditional networks often lack the flexibility to bring into effect instant changes because of the rigidity of the network and also the over dependence on proprietary services. SDN decouples the control plane from the data plane, thus moving the control logic from the node to a central controller. A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a great platform for low-rate wireless personal area networks with little resources and short communication ranges. However, as the scale of WSN expands, it faces several challenges, such as network management and heterogeneous-node networks. The SDN approach to WSNs seeks to alleviate most of the challenges and ultimately foster efficiency and sustainability in WSNs. The fusion of these two models gives rise to a new paradigm: Software defined wireless sensor networks (SDWSN). The SDWSN model is also envisioned to play a critical role in the looming Internet of Things paradigm. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the SDWSN literature. Moreover, it delves into some of the challenges facing this paradigm, as well as the major SDWSN design requirements that need to be considered to address these challenges.

A Survey on Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks: Challenges and Design Requirements

The exponential growth of devices connected to the network has resulted in the development of new IoT applications and on-line services. However, these advances are limited by the rigidity of the current network infrastructure, in which the administrator has to implement high-level network policies adapting and configuring protocols manually and usually through a command line interface (CLI). At this point, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) appears as a viable alternative network architecture that allows for programming the network and opening the possibility of creating new services and more efficient applications to cover the actual requirements. In this paper, we describe this new technology and analyze its opportunities in the development of IoT applications. Similarly, we present the first applications and projects based on this technology. Finally, we discuss the issues and challenges in its implementation.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2014/735142

SDN: Evolution and Opportunities in the Development IoT Applications

The concept of Future Networks is based on the premise that current infrastructures require enhanced control, service customization, self-organization and self-management capabilities to meet the new needs in a connected society, especially of mobile users. In order to provide a high-performance mobile system, three main fields must be improved: radio, network, and operation and management. In particular, operation and management capabilities are intended to enable business agility and operational sustainability, where the addition of new services does not imply an excessive increase in capital or operational expenditures. In this context, a set of key-enabled technologies have emerged in order to aid in this field. Concepts such as Software Defined Network (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Self-Organized Networks (SON) are pushing traditional systems towards the next 5G network generation.This paper presents an overview of the current status of these promising technologies and ongoing works to fulfill the operational and management requirements of mobile infrastructures. This work also details the use cases and the challenges, taking into account not only SDN, NFV, cloud computing and SON but also other paradigms.

Key Technologies in the Context of Future Networks: Operational and Management Requirements

In recent years, cybercrime activities have grown significantly, compromising device security and jeopardizing the normal activities of enterprises. The profits obtained through intimidation and the limitations for tracking down the illegal transactions have created a lucrative business based on the hijacking of users’ files. In this context, ransomware takes advantage of cryptography to compromise the user information or deny access to the operating system. Then, the attacker extorts the victim to pay a ransom in order to regain access, recover the data, or keep the information private. Nowadays, the adoption of Situational Awareness (SA) and cognitive approaches can facilitate the rapid identification of ransomware threats. SA allows knowing what is happening in compromised devices and network communications through monitoring, aggregation, correlation, and analysis tasks. The current literature provides some parameters that are monitored and analyzed in order to prevent these kinds of attacks at an early stage. However, there is no complete list of them. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first proposal that summarizes the parameters evaluated in this research field and considers the SA concept. Furthermore, there are several articles that tackle ransomware problems. However, there are few surveys that summarize the current situation in the area, not only regarding its evolution but also its issues and future challenges. This survey also provides a classification of ransomware articles based on detection and prevention approaches.

A Survey on Situational Awareness of Ransomware Attacks—Detection and Prevention Parameters

Software Defined Networking (SDN) proposes the separation of the control plane from the data plane in network nodes. Furthermore, Openflow architecture through a centralized control of the packet forwarding engines enables the network administrators to literally program the network behavior. The research and results of experiments show clear advantages over traditional network architectures. However, there are open questions to be solved in order to integrate SDN infrastructure and applications in production networks. This paper presents an analysis of the evolution of SDN in recent years. Additionally, this piece of work also describes some interesting SDN/Openflow research initiatives and applications. Finally, there is a disscussion on the main challenges of this new technology.

Evolution and Challenges of Software Defined Networking

Software defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualisation (NFV) have become hot topics in recent years. On one hand, SDN decouples the control plane from the data plane allowing the rapid innovation and the introduction of new services in an easy way. On the other hand, currently proprietary appliances such as load balancers and firewalls are implemented in hardware, NFV aims to change these network functions to an open software environment using virtualisation and cloud technologies. This means a reduction of spends in the provisioning and management of telecom services. SDN and NFV are two different concepts but these can coexist and help each other. In this study, the authors present a survey of SDN and NFV focusing in virtualisation projects and the use cases where a synergy between these technologies is possible. This study includes the basic concepts of network virtualisation, NFV and SDN, current research and the relation between both technologies.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-net.2014.0117

Ángel Leonardo Valdivieso Caraguay

Papers

SDN: Evolution and Opportunities in the Development IoT Applications

Key Technologies in the Context of Future Networks: Operational and Management Requirements

A Survey on Situational Awareness of Ransomware Attacks—Detection and Prevention Parameters

Evolution and Challenges of Software Defined Networking

Trends on virtualisation with software defined networking and network function virtualisation