There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

Praise for the Third Edition: "This is one of the best books available. Its excellent organizational structure allows quick reference to specific models and its clear presentation . . . solidifies the understanding of the concepts being presented."IIE Transactions on Operations EngineeringThoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest developments in the field, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition continues to present the basic statistical principles that are necessary to analyze the probabilistic nature of queues. Rather than presenting a narrow focus on the subject, this update illustrates the wide-reaching, fundamental concepts in queueing theory and its applications to diverse areas such as computer science, engineering, business, and operations research.This update takes a numerical approach to understanding and making probable estimations relating to queues, with a comprehensive outline of simple and more advanced queueing models. Newly featured topics of the Fourth Edition include:Retrial queuesApproximations for queueing networksNumerical inversion of transformsDetermining the appropriate number of servers to balance quality and cost of serviceEach chapter provides a self-contained presentation of key concepts and formulae, allowing readers to work with each section independently, while a summary table at the end of the book outlines the types of queues that have been discussed and their results. In addition, two new appendices have been added, discussing transforms and generating functions as well as the fundamentals of differential and difference equations. New examples are now included along with problems that incorporate QtsPlus software, which is freely available via the book's related Web site.With its accessible style and wealth of real-world examples, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on queueing theory at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners who analyze congestion in the fields of telecommunications, transportation, aviation, and management science.

Fundamentals of Queueing Theory

Course Description This is an advanced course in which we explore the field of Statistical Optics. Topics covered include such subjects as the statistical properties of natural (thermal) and laser light, spatial and temporal coherence, effects of partial coherence on optical imaging instruments, effects on imaging due to randomly inhomogeneous media, and a statistical treatment of the detection of light. Development of this more comprehensive model of the behavior of light draws upon the use of tools traditionally available to the electrical engineer, such as linear system theory and the theory of stochastic processes.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/3/23094/01073023.pdf

Statistical optics

http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jmjornet/papers/2014/j1.pdf

Full length article: Terahertz band: Next frontier for wireless communications

HTTP streaming has become a cost effective means for multimedia delivery nowadays. In this paper, we study the use of MPEG DASH standard to stream audiovisual content. We first describe a novel estimation method for connection throughput. Then, employing the extensibility feature of DASH syntax, we present a systematic method for selecting the best audio and video alternatives given the estimated throughput. The experiments show that our solution is stable to short-term fluctuations while responding quickly to large fluctuations.

Adaptive streaming of audiovisual content using MPEG DASH

HTTP streaming has become a cost-effective means for multimedia delivery nowadays. For adaptivity to networks and terminals, a provider should generate multiple representations of an original video as well as the related metadata. Recently, there have been various adaptation methods to support adaptive HTTP streaming. In this paper, we investigate typical adaptation methods in the context of live video streaming. We first discuss the trade-off among typical adaptation methods. The evaluation and comparison are then carried out not only in terms of bitrate and buffer behaviors but also in terms of the perceptual impact on end users. It is found that the perceptual impact depends not only on adaptation method but also on the content itself. We also show that the preparation of representation sets may affect the behaviors of some adaptation methods.

An Evaluation of Bitrate Adaptation Methods for HTTP Live Streaming

This paper studies the performance of mixed millimeter-wave radio-frequency (mmWave RF), free-space optics (FSO) systems in a highly scalable and cost-effective solution for fifth-generation (5G) mobile backhaul networks. The mmWave RF and FSO fading channels are, respectively, modeled by the Rician and the generalized Malaga ( $\mathcal {M}$ ) distributions. The effect of pointing errors due to the misalignment between the transmitter and the receiver in the FSO link is also included. Novel accurate closed-form expressions for the cumulative distribution function, the probability density function, and the moment generating function (MGF) in terms of Meijer's G functions are derived. Capitalizing on these new results, we analytically derive precise closed-form expressions for various performance metrics of the proposed system, including the outage probability, the average bit error rate (ABER), and the average capacity. Additionally, new asymptotic results are provided for the outage probability, the MGF, and the ABER in terms of simple elementary functions by applying the asymptotic expansion of the Meijer's G function at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Numerical results further validate the mathematical analysis by Monte-Carlo simulations.

Mixed mmWave RF/FSO Relaying Systems Over Generalized Fading Channels With Pointing Errors

This paper studies zero-forcing (ZF) precoding designs for multi-user multiple-input single-output visible light communication (VLC) broadcast channels. In such broadcast systems, the main challenging issue arises from the presence of multi-user interference (MUI) among non-coordinated users. In order to completely suppress the MUI, ZF precoding, which is originally designed for radio frequency (RF) communications, is adopted. Different from RF counterpart, VLC signal is inherently non-negative and has a limited linear range, which leads to an amplitude constraint on the input data signal. Unlike the average power constraint, obtaining the exact capacity for an amplitude-constrained channel is more cumbersome. In this paper, we first investigate lower and upper bounds on the capacity of an amplitude-constrained Gaussian channel, which are especially tight in the high signal-to-noise regime. Based on the derived bounds, optimal beamformer designs for the max-min fairness sum-rate and the maximum sum-rate problems are formulated as convex optimization problems, which then can be efficiently solved by using standard optimization packages.

/pdf/multi-user-visible-light-communication-broadcast-channels-mkylaqre77.pdf

Multi-User Visible Light Communication Broadcast Channels With Zero-Forcing Precoding

We theoretically analyze the performance of free-space optical (FSO) systems using rectangular quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) and an avalanche photodiode (APD) receiver over atmospheric turbulence channels. Both log-normal and gamma-gamma channel models are used in the analysis for the cases of weak/moderate and strong atmospheric turbulence. The system bit error rate, when Gray code mapping is employed, is theoretically derived taking into account various link conditions and system parameters, including the APD shot noise, thermal noise, channel attenuation and geometrical loss, atmospheric turbulence strengths, and link distances. The numerical results show that using APD with a proper selection of the average gain could greatly benefit the performance of the system; as a matter of fact, in the case of optimal gain, the system using an APD receiver could provide 7 dB gain in comparison with the one with a positive-instrinsic-negative receiver. We also quantitatively discuss the impact of link conditions and system parameters on the selection of optimal APD gain.

/pdf/bit-error-rate-analysis-of-rectangular-qam-fso-systems-using-3ffyfpuq5x.pdf

Anh T. Pham

Papers

Adaptive streaming of audiovisual content using MPEG DASH

An Evaluation of Bitrate Adaptation Methods for HTTP Live Streaming

Mixed mmWave RF/FSO Relaying Systems Over Generalized Fading Channels With Pointing Errors

Multi-User Visible Light Communication Broadcast Channels With Zero-Forcing Precoding

Bit error rate analysis of rectangular QAM/FSO systems using an APD receiver over atmospheric turbulence channels