Anil Vohra

Bio: Anil Vohra is an academic researcher from Kurukshetra University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Software-defined radio & Video tracking. The author has an hindex of 11, co-authored 82 publications receiving 401 citations. Previous affiliations of Anil Vohra include Panjab University, Chandigarh.

Analysis of Sheet Electron Beam Transport Under Uniform Magnetic Field

Abstract: The transport of sheet electron beam through the drift tube tunnel under uniform magnetic field has been analyzed. The edge curling due to the sharp increase of horizontal component of the space charge field has been explained by a windlike shear model, and an expression for vertical displacement of the beam edge from the top or bottom surface of the beam is derived on the basis of the aforementioned model. The effect of the height fill factor of the beam on the vertical displacement of the beam edge is analyzed analytically and then validated with numerical results by CST Particle Studio and OPERA 3-D software tools by considering some useful beam parameters. The vertical displacement of the beam edge enhances, and the higher portion of the beam is affected when it transports through short periodic vane-loaded interaction structures. For the sheet beam transport through planar vane-loaded structures suitable for subterahertz traveling-wave tube, the sum of the drift tube tunnel height and twice of the vane height should be considered as the effective tunnel height to calculate the required magnetic field in order to keep the vertical displacement maximum up to some desired value so that the beam edges must not strike on the vanes.

Synthesis and Characterization of CdO–SnO 2 Nanocomposites Prepared by Hydrothermal Method

Abstract: In this work, (1−x)CdO–xSnO2 nanocomposites (≤ 0.15) have been synthesized via hydrothermal route. The structural study reveals that CdO nanostructures possess crystalline phase and cubic structure. The CdO–SnO2 nanocomposites possess both cubic and orthorhombic structure with good crystallinity. The crystallite size in the nanocomposites was found to be in the range of 9.6–19.6 nm. Field emission scanning electronic microscopy and high-resolution tunnelling microscopy analysis confirm the presence of both cubic and orthorhombic structures which is also confirmed from X-ray diffraction studies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies confirm that CdO–SnO2 nanocomposites possess the characteristics band of both CdO and SnO2 nanostructures. The UV–visible absorption studies confirm that the optical absorption band in CdO–SnO2 nanocomposites possesses both blue and red shift as compared to that of CdO nanostructures. Photoluminescence spectroscopy studies reveal the appearance of strong emission peak at 513, 469 and 369 nm corresponding to green, blue and violet emission spectrum, respectively, in CdO–SnO2 nanocomposites. The FTIR studies confirm the presence of hydroxyl and water functional group due to atmospheric water vapours and chemical bonding in CdO and CdO–SnO2 nanocomposites. Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of Raman bands of both CdO and SnO2 phases in the CdO–SnO2 nanocomposites.

A novel real-time resource efficient implementation of Sobel operator-based edge detection on FPGA

Abstract: A new resource efficient FPGA-based hardware architecture for real-time edge detection using Sobel operator for video surveillance applications has been proposed. The choice of Sobel operator is due to its property to counteract the noise sensitivity of the simple gradient operator. FPGA is chosen for this implementation due to its flexibility to provide the possibility to perform algorithmic changes in later stage of the system development and its capability to provide real-time performance, hard to achieve with general purpose processor or digital signal processor, while limiting the extensive design work, time and cost required for application specific integrated circuit. The proposed architecture uses single processing element for both horizontal and vertical gradient computation for Sobel operator and utilised approximately 38% less FPGA resources as compared to standard Sobel edge detection architecture while maintaining real-time frame rates for high definition videos (1920 × 1080 image sizes). The...

FPGA-Based Real-Time Motion Detection for Automated Video Surveillance Systems

Abstract: Design of automated video surveillance systems is one of the exigent missions in computer vision community because of their ability to automatically select frames of interest in incoming video streams based on motion detection. This research paper focuses on the real-time hardware implementation of a motion detection algorithm for such vision based automated surveillance systems. A dedicated VLSI architecture has been proposed and designed for clustering-based motion detection scheme. The working prototype of a complete standalone automated video surveillance system, including input camera interface, designed motion detection VLSI architecture, and output display interface, with real-time relevant motion detection capabilities, has been implemented on Xilinx ML510 (Virtex-5 FX130T) FPGA platform. The prototyped system robustly detects the relevant motion in real-time in live PAL (720 × 576) resolution video streams directly coming from the camera.

Staggered Closed PCM for Stable Rectangular Sheet Electron Beam Transport

Abstract: Sheet electron beam transport under the magnetic field of a novel staggered closed periodic cusped magnet (PCM) has been investigated. In a staggered closed PCM, the horizontal and side magnets are placed in axially staggered positions and magnetized in the axial and transverse directions, respectively. Soft iron pole pieces are placed between two adjacent horizontal magnets of opposite polarity. Numerical analysis shows that effective root-mean-square value of the axial component of the magnetic field for the initial half cycle is higher for the proposed PCM than the conventional one by keeping the pole piece close to the magnets at first position. The magnetic period required to obtain desired peak value of the axial component of the magnetic field is shorter for the proposed PCM than for the conventional PCM for similar other parameters. Aforementioned advantages of the staggered closed PCM reduce the vertical displacement of the beam edge and stable transport of the sheet beam is possible through it. For a wide magnetic tunnel, required horizontal component of the magnetic field can be provided by extending the pole pieces between the horizontal magnets toward the beam surface and in the axial direction after the beam edges.

A guideline for designing chalcogenide-based glasses for threshold switching characteristics

Abstract: Chalcogenide-based switching materials have potential applications in power control and information storage. In this work, an approach has been suggested to design chalcogenide-based amorphous materials for threshold or memory switching characteristics. Using this guideline, glasses have been formed in a new chalcogenide Al-Ge-As-Te system. All the samples studied have been found to exhibit threshold switching characteristics, which proves the validity of the suggested guideline.

A simple and low-cost technique for electroless deposition of chalcogenide thin films

Abstract: A simple and economical electroless chemical deposition technique for deposition of several metal sulphides and selenides is presented. Aqueous solutions of metal salts and of sodium thiosulphate or sodium selenosulphate were used for the chemical bath. The technique is based on hydrolytic decomposition of the various metal-thiosulphate or metal-selenosulphate complexes in aqueous media, at a suitable temperature, concentration and pH. The technique presented in this paper has been successfully used for deposition of Cu2S, CuS, PbS, Sb2S3 and Sb2-xBixS3 in acidic media, and Ag2S, Cu2Se and PbSe in alkaline media, on various substrates, such as glass, metal, plastics, alumina, silicon and sapphire. Depending on the deposition time and the individual system, films of thicknesses up to 0.3 mu m were obtained from a single bath. The prospects of this technique are very good for multilayer combinations, solid solutions, and possibly ternary compounds as well. This technique was found to be suitable for any size and shape of substrate. It is a non-polluting and economical technique, since the bulk precipitates are of a relatively high purity and can be used as semiconducting powders, mineral pigments etc. The optimal conditions for deposition of each kind of film are described and the corresponding X-ray diffraction patterns are presented. Optical spectra in the wavelength interval between 300 and 2500 nm for each of the films are also supplied. The sheet resistivity and type of conductivity for each kind of film have also been determined.

Carrier Scattering at Alloy Nanointerfaces Enhances Power Factor in PEDOT:PSS Hybrid Thermoelectrics

Abstract: This work demonstrates the first method for controlled growth of heterostructures within hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposite thermoelectrics. Using a facile, aqueous technique, semimetal–alloy nanointerfaces are patterned within a hybrid thermoelectric system consisting of tellurium (Te) nanowires and the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Specifically, this method is used to grow nanoscale islands of Cu1.75Te alloy subphases within hybrid PEDOT:PSS-Te nanowires. This technique is shown to provide tunability of thermoelectric and electronic properties, providing up to 22% enhancement of the system’s power factor in the low-doping regime, consistent with preferential scattering of low energy carriers. This work provides an exciting platform for rational design of multiphase nanocomposites and highlights the potential for engineering of carrier filtering within hybrid thermoelectrics via introduction of interfaces with controlled structural and energe...

Wireless Communication Systems From Rf Subsystems To 4g Enabling Technologies

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