Animesh Deval

Bio: Animesh Deval is an academic researcher from National Chemical Laboratory. The author has contributed to research in topics: Microbial fuel cell & Silver nanoparticle. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 9 publications receiving 101 citations. Previous affiliations of Animesh Deval include Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies.

Sequential microbial activities mediated bioelectricity production from distillery wastewater using bio-electrochemical system with simultaneous waste remediation

Abstract: A two-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC), which can function on the self-driven bio-electrogenic activity operated on anaerobically digested distillery waste (ADDW) i.e. wastewater post anaerobic digestion was designed and fabricated in the laboratory. MFC was evaluated for production of bioelectricity with a simultaneous reduction in the carbon content. Using a surface response methodology with a Box-Behnken design (BBD), operating conditions such as the concentration of antifoam, pH, and resistance were optimized and it was found that the pH and resistance were optimum at 8.3 and 1000 Ω, respectively with no antifoam in the system. Under optimum conditions, 31.49 Wm −3 was generated, and 60.78 ± 0.95% total organic carbon was degraded. We revealed that the fermentative bacteria generated organic acids mainly acetate from dextrose present in ADDW and electrogenic bacteria oxidized acetate in a successive manner to generate electrons, which was confirmed by gas chromatography. The development of biofilm analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) was found to be crucial in the transfer of electrons directly to the anode and was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry experiments. Identification of bacteria from biofilm by both culture and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods found bacteria belonging to phylum Firmicutes and γ-proteobacteria. The study of successive nature of bacterial metabolism to generate electricity could play an important role in the production of electricity in a continuous mode of operation using MFCs fed with ADDW for further reduction of carbon content post anaerobic digestion for the benefit for the environment. Thus MFC can be used as a complementary technology to anaerobic digestion.

Rapid synthesis of highly monodispersed silver nanoparticles from the leaves of Salvadora persica

Abstract: We have demonstrated a one pot green protocol for the synthesis of highly monodispersed silver nanoparticles using leaves of Salvadora persica plant. When the leaf extract of Salvadora persica plant reacted with silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) solution it resulted in the synthesis of highly monodispersed silver nanoparticles with an average size of 3 nm. These nanoparticles were then completely characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Rays, X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared analysis.

Construction, Working and Standardization of Microbial Fuel Cell

Abstract: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy by using microorganisms. MFC holds a key in green technology for the production of bioenergy simultaneously treating wastewater. A strategy has been used to reduce the cost of the construction and working of MFC. A two-chambered design has been developed, with salt bridge separating the two chambers. The working of MFC design was checked by using artificial wastewater before using anaerobically digested distillery wastewater. Both artificial wastewater as well as anaerobically digested distillery wastewater was standardized in order to make MFC functional.

Eichhornia crassipes Mediated Bioinspired Synthesis of Crystalline Nano Silver as an Integrated Medicinal Material: A Waste to Value Approach

Abstract: The present study deals with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Eichhornia crassipes. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed for nanoparticle characterization. The aqueous plant extract of Eichhornia crassipes was phytochemically analyzed for phenol, flavonoid, reducing sugar content, alkaloids, saponins and carotenoids. The synthesized particles after optimization of important parameters have an average diameter of 12.48 ± 3.43 nm with a spherical morphology and zeta potential of − 31.53 mV. At 100 µg/ml of nanoparticle concentration, the antioxidant activity of 93.6% was observed. MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) values exhibiting the antimicrobial attributes reported an estimated value of 7.8 µg/ml for gram-negative and higher values of 31.25 and 250 µg/ml for gram-positive bacteria. The antibiofilm assay showed 86.89% and 74.7% of the reduction in violacein synthesis and biofilm inhibition respectively at 15 µg/ml nanoparticle concentration. The anticancer assay reported the IC50 (Inhibitory concentration) values of 13.32, 14.71 and 19.91 µg/ml for HeLa, HCT 116 and L6 cell lines respectively. Thus the study establishes a significant integrative treatment to combat secondary infections in cancer patients.

Importance of Mixed culture in Generation of Electricity from Anaerobically Digested Distillery Wastewater through Microbial fuel cell

Abstract: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device which converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy using microorganisms. MFC is becoming very important green biotechnological tool to generate clean energy simultaneously treating waste. Any organic biodegradable matter can be used as feed for microorganisms that has capacity to generate electrons and protons through their metabolism, thus help in generation of electricity. In this research, two chambered MFC has been used to treat anaerobically digested distillery wastewater (ADDW). ADDW generally goes to lagoons for further degradation and hence ADDW becomes ideal for extraction of further energy. Aerobes and anaerobes were isolated from ADDW and checked for the activity in MFC. Endogenous microbial consortium was found to be playing important role in generation of electricity as individual isolates failed to show the activity. Mixed consortia could generate 92.25±28.6 mW/m3 power with reduction of 50% TOC within 48 hrs. Thus mixed culture proved to be useful in

Production of biofuels from microalgae - A review on cultivation, harvesting, lipid extraction, and numerous applications of microalgae

Abstract: The concern regarding alternate sources of energy is mounting day-by-day due to the effect of pollution that is damaging the environment. Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms have an efficiency and ability in mitigating carbon dioxide emissions and produce oil with a high productivity which has a lot of potential applications in producing biofuel, otherwise known as the third-generation biofuel. These third generation biofuels are the best alternative to the present situation since they have the perspective to eliminate most of the ecological problems created by the use of conventional fossil fuels. These organisms are responsible for closely 50% of the photosynthesis process taking place on the planet and are distributed predominantly in many of the aquatic systems. The huge interest in utilizing these organisms as a potential source of energy lies in converting the primary as well as secondary metabolites into useful products. Algae are considered to be the most prominent resource for the upcoming generations as the most suitable and sustainable feedstock. The key process limitations in microalgal biofuel production are inexpensive and effective harvesting of biomass and extraction of lipids. The major objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on various methods of both biomass harvesting and lipid extraction from microalgae available, so far, besides to discuss their advantages and disadvantages. This article also deals with various conditions that are favourable for lipid accumulation as well as the yield from different species.

Biogenic synthesis of iron oxide nanorods using Moringa oleifera leaf extract for antibacterial applications

Abstract: Biogenic synthesis of iron oxide nanorods (FeO-NRs) from FeCl3 capped with Moringa oleifera (MO) has been developed in this work. The facile, cost effective, and eco-friendly FeO-NRs formulated were characterized using various techniques. The change in the visible color which leads to the formulation of FeO-NRs was confirmed by the UV–visible spectroscopy analysis. The crystallinity of FeO-NRs was observed in the X-ray diffraction spectroscopy pattern indexed to the spinel cubic lattice in the tetrahedral hematite structure. A rod-like morphology of FeO-NRs with the average particle size of 15.01 ± 6.03 nm was determined by the scanning and transmission electron microscopies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis shows the various functional groups in the formulatedFeO-NRs. Vibrating sample magnetometer shows that the formulated FeO-NRs are superparamagnetic with good saturation magnetization. The formulated FeO-NRs inhibit the growth of six human pathogens with a higher activity at lower concentrations. It is noteworthy that the bacterial strains show strong and effective susceptibility to the formulated FeO-NRs at lower concentrations compared to the conventional antibacterial drugs. Hence, the formulated FeO-NRs proved to be a good, efficient, and promising antibacterial agent due to its cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity, and facile synthesis procedures in therapeutic biomedical fields.

Recent trends in applications of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in bioenergy production: Review

Abstract: Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are powerful methods that were traditionally used for treatment of hazardous materials. Based on their resourcefulness, these methods have recently found important applications in various processes of bioenergy production. Despite the growing interest in the application of AOPs in improving the production of bioenergy, there is no comprehensive documentation on how biofuels production operations have increasingly incorporated these oxidation processes. Therefore, the present study aims at reviewing the current state of the art and future prospects of applying AOPs in biofuels production. The usage of these processes in pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass, excess sludge, organic effluents, solid wastes and other substrates for energy production was reviewed. It was noted that wet air oxidation has high potential in pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for production of various energy types while sonolysis is most effective in biosolids pretreatment. Ozonolysis and photocatalysis are mostly used to selectively remove the colorants in organic effluents. However electrochemical oxidation has good performance in post-treatment of bioenergy effluents. Documented studies indicate that AOPs can be used to enhance trans-esterification thereby boosting biodiesel production. Moreover, they can be used to improve oil extraction from bio-algae to increase biodiesel yields. Comparative studies involving AOPs and conventional processes are necessary to determine their suitability for these applications. The possibility of using AOPs to upgrade low value biofuels to bio-products of higher value should be part of future investigations. A summarized criterion for evaluating the suitability of different AOPs in the production of biofuels is proposed in this study as a guide for their future usage. The main limitation of applying AOPs in bioenergy sector include high process costs due to costly chemicals and energy requirements. Further studies should investigate the possibility of integration of AOPs with conventional methods aimed at improving the process cost-effectiveness.

Microbial fuel cells, a renewable energy technology for bio-electricity generation: A mini-review

Abstract: The unsustainable nature and the environmental impact of fossil fuels have shifted attention to renewable energy and fuel cells, especially in the transportation sector. In this study, the generation of electricity based on the electrons released from biochemical reactions facilitated by microbes is evaluated. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) represents an eco-friendly approach to generating electricity while purifying wastewater concurrently, achieving up to 50% chemical oxygen demand removal and power densities in the range of 420-460 mW/m2. The system utilizes the metabolism power of bacteria for electricity generation. This mini-review is quite comprehensive. It is different from other reviews, it is all-inclusive focusing on the; types of MFCs; substrates and microbes; areas of applications; device performances; design, and technology configuration. All these were evaluated, presented and discussed which can now be accessed in a single paper. It was discovered that higher power density and coulombic efficiency could be achieved through proper selection of microbes, mode of operation, a suitable material for construction, and improved MFC types. Also, the full-scale application of MFC is impeded by materials cost and the wastewater low buffering capacity. Though the electricity generated is still at the demonstration stage, to date, there is no industrial application. Therefore, this study reviewed articles on the technology to set new and insightful perspectives for further research and highlighted steps for scale-up while reinforcing the criteria for microbe selection and their corresponding activity.

Biosynthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles using Psidium Guajava leave extract for photocatalytic dye degradation under sunlight

Abstract: In present investigation green synthesis of tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles has been carried out by simple, eco-friendly and low cost process using guava (Psidium Guajava) leaf extract. The as-synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscope and Energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles was analyzed for the photodegradation of reactive yellow 186 dye under sunlight. SnO2 nanoparticles within size range 8–10 nm effectively degraded 90% of the dye within 180 min at a rate constant of 0.00476 min−1.