Author
Anirudh P. Singh
Other affiliations: Pennsylvania State University
Bio: Anirudh P. Singh is an academic researcher from Punjab Technical University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Metal ions in aqueous solution & Yttria-stabilized zirconia. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 34 publications receiving 495 citations. Previous affiliations of Anirudh P. Singh include Pennsylvania State University.
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the general chemistry of the cellulose, different biological, chemical, physical, physio-chemical extraction techniques for its extraction from lignocellulosic biomass, purification and bleaching techniques for extracted cellulose and the mechanism of free radical grafting initiated by a variety of chemical initiators are reviewed.
146 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple and fast solid-state procedure has been demonstrated for the synthesis of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) using microwave radiation.
Abstract: A novel, simple, and fast solid-state procedure has been demonstrated for the synthesis of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), using microwave radiation. The process consists of starting with the respective oxides mixed in the required proportions and exposing the charge to the microwaves. By making one or more of the constituent oxides slightly nonstoichiometric, enormous enhancement in reaction rates has been achieved, and single-phase PZT can be synthesized at temperatures as low as 600°C. Moreover, it has been shown that the combined use of nonstoichiometric precursors and microwave irradiation leads to different reaction pathways for the formation of PZT. Further, the microwave method diminishes PbO loss.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Cell-g-NIPAM-co-GMA graft copolymer was synthesized by potassium persulfate (KPS) initiated free radical polymerization of the NIPAM and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto cellulose extracted from agro waste rice husk.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential applications and recent advancements of various cellulose graft copolymers made in fields of controlled drug delivery, adsorption of harmful, toxic and non-biodegradable dyes from industrial effluents, sorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous medium, modification of electrolyte, electrodes and separators of the modern age Lithium ion batteries, and fabrication of smart and innovative food packaging materials are reviewed.
Abstract: Grafting is one of the best method for the modification of physicochemical properties of the cellulose. The –OH groups present at C2, C3, and C6 atoms of each β-d-glucopyranose units of cellulose chains are the most susceptible active sites for the grafting of many monomer units or polymers for the formation of a variety of cellulose-based graft copolymers with advanced properties and potential applications as compared to the bare cellulose. In this review article, a brief introduction to get an insight into the structural features of cellulose is given. After that, the potential applications and recent advancements of various cellulose graft copolymers made in fields of controlled drug delivery, adsorption of harmful, toxic and non-biodegradable dyes from industrial effluents, sorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous medium, modification of electrolyte, electrodes and separators of the modern age Lithium ion batteries, and fabrication of smart and innovative food packaging materials are reviewed.
41 citations
TL;DR: Chitosan grafted with binary monomers N-isopropylacrylamide-co-AAc and NIPAM- co-AAm showed best results for sorption of all three metal ions.
37 citations
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TL;DR: Lipson and Steeple as mentioned in this paper interpreted X-ray powder diffraction patterns and found that powder-diffraction patterns can be represented by a set of 3-dimensional planes.
Abstract: Interpretation of X-ray Powder Diffraction Patterns . By H. Lipson and H. Steeple. Pp. viii + 335 + 3 plates. (Mac-millan: London; St Martins Press: New York, May 1970.) £4.
1,867 citations
TL;DR: Microwave sintering has emerged as a new method for sinterding a variety of materials that has shown significant advantages against conventional sinterging procedures as mentioned in this paper. But microwave sinterings are not suitable for all materials.
911 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the various pretreatment strategies currently in use and provide an overview of their utilization for the isolation of high-value bio-polymeric components, including cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is the most abundantly available bioresource amounting to about a global yield of up to 1.3 billion tons per year. The hydrolysis of LCB results in the release of various reducing sugars which are highly valued in the production of biofuels such as bioethanol and biogas, various organic acids, phenols, and aldehydes. The majority of LCB is composed of biological polymers such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which are strongly associated with each other by covalent and hydrogen bonds thus forming a highly recalcitrant structure. The presence of lignin renders the bio-polymeric structure highly resistant to solubilization thereby inhibiting the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose which presents a significant challenge for the isolation of the respective bio-polymeric components. This has led to extensive research in the development of various pretreatment techniques utilizing various physical, chemical, physicochemical and biological approaches which are specifically tailored towards the source biomaterial and its application. The objective of this review is to discuss the various pretreatment strategies currently in use and provide an overview of their utilization for the isolation of high-value bio-polymeric components. The article further discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the various pretreatment methodologies as well as addresses the role of various key factors that are likely to have a significant impact on the pretreatment and digestibility of LCB.
594 citations
TL;DR: Nanocelluloses are natural materials with at least one dimension in the nano-scale as discussed by the authors, which combine important cellulose properties with the features of nanomaterials and open new horizons for materials science and its applications.
567 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized recent development and findings on application of activated carbon synthesized from biowaste in wastewater treatment and tabulated the adsorption efficiencies of newly developed activated carbons in treatment of different pollutants (including dyes, metal ions, pharmaceutical and personal care products, organic pollutants).
424 citations