Thematic analysis is a poorly demarcated, rarely acknowledged, yet widely used qualitative analytic method within psychology. In this paper, we argue that it offers an accessible and theoretically flexible approach to analysing qualitative data. We outline what thematic analysis is, locating it in relation to other qualitative analytic methods that search for themes or patterns, and in relation to different epistemological and ontological positions. We then provide clear guidelines to those wanting to start thematic analysis, or conduct it in a more deliberate and rigorous way, and consider potential pitfalls in conducting thematic analysis. Finally, we outline the disadvantages and advantages of thematic analysis. We conclude by advocating thematic analysis as a useful and flexible method for qualitative research in and beyond psychology.

Using thematic analysis in psychology

Building Theories From Case Study Research - This paper describes the process of inducting theory using case studies from specifying the research questions to reaching closure. Some features of the process, such as problem definition and construct validation, are similar to hypothesis-testing research. Others, such as within-case analysis and replication logic, are unique to the inductive, case-oriented process. Overall, the process described here is highly iterative and tightly linked to data. This research approach is especially appropriate in new topic areas. The resultant theory is often novel, testable, and empirically valid. Finally, framebreaking insights, the tests of good theory (e.g., parsimony, logical coherence), and convincing grounding in the evidence are the key criteria for evaluating this type of research.

Building theories from case study research

An Introduction to Codes and Coding Chapter Summary Purposes of the Manual What Is a Code? Codifying and Categorizing What Gets Coded? The Mechanics of Coding The Numbers of Codes Manual and CAQDAS Coding Solo and Team Coding Necessary Personal Attributes for Coding On Method Writing Analytic Memos Chapter Summary The Purposes of Analytic Memo-Writing What Is an Analytic Memo? Examples of Analytic Memos Coding and Categorizing Analytic Memos Grounded Theory and Its Coding Canon Analytic Memos on Visual Data First-Cycle Coding Methods Chapter Summary The Coding Cycles Selecting the Appropriate Coding Method(s) Overview of First-Cycle Coding Methods The Coding Methods Profiles Grammatical Methods Elemental Methods Affective Methods Literary and Language Methods Exploratory Methods Forms for Additional First-Cycle Coding Methods Theming the Data Procedural Methods After First-Cycle Coding Chapter Summary Post-Coding Transitions Eclectic Coding Code Mapping and Landscaping Operational Model Diagramming Additional Transition Methods Transitioning to Second-Cycle Coding Methods Second-Cycle Coding Methods Chapter Summary The Goals of Second-Cycle Methods Overview of Second-Cycle Coding Methods Second-Cycle Coding Methods Forms for Additional Second-Cycle Coding Methods After Second-Cycle Coding Chapter Summary Post-Coding and Pre-Writing Transitions Focusing Strategies From Coding to Theorizing Formatting Matters Writing about Coding Ordering and Re-Ordering Assistance from Others Closure Appendix A: A Glossary of Coding Methods Appendix B: A Glossary of Analytic Recommendations Appendix C: Field Note, Interview Transcript and Document Samples for Coding Appendix D: Exercises and Activities for Coding and Qualitative Data Analytic Skill Development References Index

The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers

�Traditional, hierarchical views of leadership are less and less useful given the complexities of our modern world. Leadership theory must transition to new perspectives that account for the complex adaptive needs of organizations. In this paper, we propose that leadership (as opposed to leaders) can be seen as a complex dynamic process that emerges in the interactive “spaces between” people and ideas. That is, leadership is a dynamic that transcends the capabilities of individuals alone; it is the product of interaction, tension, and exchange rules governing changes in perceptions and understanding. We label this a dynamic of adaptive leadership, and we show how this dynamic provides important insights about the nature of leadership and its outcomes in organizational fields. We define a leadership event as a perceived segment of action whose meaning is created by the interactions of actors involved in producing it, and we present a set of innovative methods for capturing and analyzing these contextually driven processes. We provide theoretical and practical implications of these ideas for organizational behavior and organization and management theory.

/pdf/building-theories-from-case-study-research-3wynzi9b0d.pdf

Building theories from case study research.

The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions is the official document that describes in detail the process of preparing and maintaining Cochrane systematic reviews on the effects of healthcare interventions.

/pdf/cochrane-handbook-for-systematic-reviews-of-interventions-1xbdy6uvru.pdf

Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions

The work of hospitalized patients

The purpose and credibility of qualitative research.

Inevitably, a social value is placed on a patient, and that value has much to do with the impact on the nurse of his dying and, frequently, on the care he receives. So the authors have discovered in a study they, with a nurse faculty member, Jeanne Quint, are making of hospital personnel, nursing ca

The social loss of dying patients.

There is a remarkable absence of discussion in sociology about the nature of (grounded) theories, how to generate them, and go about verifying them (witness the recent Handbook of Qualitative Research). Most theories are substantive. Differences among types of theories along various dimensions are discussed. A stand is taken against the usual oversimplified hierarchization of them by "levels," using an analysis of how theories appear in Science articles. For social scientists, this use constitutes models to be learned from, but not slavishly followed. Extended illustration is given from the author's research on the control of information, including guarding secrets, giving misleading information, engaging in suspicion searches, and the like. From this research, several innovative procedures are discussed relative to developing, checking, and linking general theories, both with each other and with substantive theories.

Notes on the Nature and Development of General Theories

Contents Foreword Irving Louis Horowitz Preface Acknowledgments I. Interaction 1. The Chicago Tradition's Ongoing Theory of Action/Interaction 2. Closed Awareness (With Barney Glaser) 3. Face-to-Face Interaction: Complex and Developmental 4. Structured Interactional Process II. Work 5. Work and the Division of Labour 6. Th e Articulation of Project Work: An Organizational Process 7. Sentimental Work (With Shizuko Fagerhaugh, Barbara Suczek, and Carolyn Wiener) III. Trajectory 8. Trajectory Framework for Management of Chronic Illness (With Juliet Corbin) 9. Illness Trajectories (With Shizuko Fagerhaugh, Barbara Suczek, and Carolyn Wiener) IV. Negotiation 10. Negotiated Order and the Coordination of Work(With Rue Bucher, Danuta Ehrlich, Melvin Sabshin, and Leonard Schatzman) 11. General Considerations: An Introduction 12. Paradigm and Prospects for a General Theory of Negotiation V. Social Worlds 13. A Social World Perspective 14. Professions in Process (With Rue Bucher) 15. Memo on Science and Policy Arenas: Some Summary Notes VI. Collective Images and Symbolic Representations 16. The Symbolic Time of Cities 17. Images of Immigration and Ethnicity VII. Identity 18. Transformations of Identity VIII. Body and Biography 19. Experiencing Body Failure and a Disrupted Self-Image (With Juliet Corbin) 20. Comeback: Th e Process of Overcoming Disability (With Juliet Corbin) 21. Body, Action-Performance, and Everyday Life IX. Policy 22. Medical Ghettos 23. Implications for Delivering Safe and Humane Care (With Shizuko Fagerhaugh, Barbara Suczek, and Carolyn Wiener) 24. A Model for Reorganizing Health Care Delivery (With Juliet Corbin) X. Method, Consultation, and Teaching 25. Criteria for Evaluating a Grounded Theory (With Juliet Corbin) 26. Tracing Lines of Conditional Influence: Matrix and Paths (With Juliet Corbin) 27. Research Consultations and Teaching: Guidelines, Strategies, and Style Subject Index Author Index

Anselm L. Strauss

Papers

The work of hospitalized patients

The purpose and credibility of qualitative research.

The social loss of dying patients.

Notes on the Nature and Development of General Theories

Creating Sociological Awareness: Collective Images and Symbolic Representations