Anthony Joseph Salle

Bio: Anthony Joseph Salle is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Bacteriology. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 3 publications receiving 217 citations.

Fundamental principles of bacteriology

Abstract: Fundamental principles of bacteriology , Fundamental principles of bacteriology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

Hormesis: why it is important to toxicology and toxicologists.

Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive review of hormesis, a dose-response concept that is characterized by a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition. The article traces the historical foundations of hormesis, its quantitative features and mechanistic foundations, and its risk assessment implications. The article indicates that the hormetic dose response is the most fundamental dose response, significantly outcompeting other leading dose-response models in large-scale, head-to-head evaluations. The hormetic dose response is highly generalizable, being independent of biological model, endpoint measured, chemical class, and interindividual variability. Hormesis also provides a framework for the study and assessment of chemical mixtures, incorporating the concept of additivity and synergism. Because the hormetic biphasic dose response represents a general pattern of biological responsiveness, it is expected that it will become progressively more significant within toxicological evaluation and risk assessment practices as well as have numerous biomedical applications.

Effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria and soil compaction on barley seedling growth, nutrient uptake, soil properties and rhizosphere microflora

Abstract: Inoculants are of great importance in sustainable and/or organic agriculture. In the present study, plant growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) has been studied in sterile soil inoculated with four plant growth-promoting bacteria and mineral fertilizers at three different soil bulk densities and in three harvests of plants. Three bacterial species were isolated from the rhizosphere of barley and wheat. These bacteria fixed N2, dissolved P and significantly increased growth of barley seedlings. Available phosphate in soil was significantly increased by seed inoculation of Bacillus M-13 and Bacillus RC01. Total culturable bacteria, fungi and P-solubilizing bacteria count increased with time. Data suggest that seed inoculation of barley with Bacillus RC01, Bacillus RC02, Bacillus RC03 and Bacillus M-13 increased root weight by 16.7, 12.5, 8.9 and 12.5% as compared to the control (without bacteria inoculation and mineral fertilizers) and shoot weight by 34.7, 34.7, 28.6 and 32.7%, respectively. Bacterial inoculation gave increases of 20.3–25.7% over the control as compared with 18.9 and 35.1% total biomass weight increases by P and NP application. The concentration of N and P in soil was decreased by increasing soil compaction. In contrast to macronutrients, the concentration of Fe, Cu and Mn was lower in plants grown in the loosest soil. Soil compaction induced a limitation in root and shoot growth that was reflected by a decrease in the microbial population and activity. Our results show that bacterial population was stimulated by the decrease in soil bulk density. The results suggest that the N2-fixing and P-solubilizing bacterial strains tested have a potential on plant growth activity of barley.

Chemical hormesis: its historical foundations as a biological hypothesis.

Abstract: Despite the long history of hormesis-related experimental research no systematic effort to describe its early history has been undertaken. The present paper attempts to reconstruct and assess the early history of such research and to evaluate how advances in related scientific fields affected the course of hormesis-related research. The purpose of this paper is not only to satisfy this gap in current knowledge, but also to provide a foundation for the assessment of how the concept of hormetic dose-response relationships may have affected the nature of the bioassay especially with respect to hazard assessment practices within a modern risk assessment framework.

The Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Barley Seedling Growth, Nutrient Uptake, Some Soil Properties, and Bacterial Counts

Abstract: This study was conducted with barley in greenhouse conditions in order to investigate seed inoculation with 5 different N2-fixing (Bacillus licheniformis RC02, Rhodobacter capsulatus RC04, Paenibacillus polymyxa RC05, Pseudomonas putida RC06, and Bacillus OSU-142) and 2 different phosphate-solubilising (Bacillus megaterium RC01 and Bacillus M-13) bacteria in comparison to control and mineral fertiliser (N and P) application. Among the strains used in the present study, 6 plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) stimulated indole acetic acid (IAA) production and 3 of them stimulated phosphate solubilisation; all bacterial strains fixed N2 and significantly increased the growth of barley. Available phosphate in soil was significantly increased by seed inoculation with Bacillus M-13 and B. megaterium RC01. Maximum NO3-N was found in soil after inoculation with N2-fixing Bacillus OSU-142, followed by P. polymyxa RC05 and R. capsulatus RC04. Total culturable bacteria count increased in all treatments with time, whereas N2-fixing bacteria decreased with time, except with B. megaterium RC01 inoculation. The data suggest that seed inoculation of barley with plant PGPR increased root weight by 17.9%-32.1% as compared to the control, and increased shoot weight by 28.8%-54.2%, depending on the species. N2-fixing bacterial inoculation significantly increased uptake of N, Fe, Mn, and Zn by barley. The production of hormones is suggested to be one of the mechanisms by which PGPR stimulate barley growth. Effective Bacillus species, such as OSU-142, RC07, M-13, P. polymyxa RC05, P. putida RC06, and R. capsulatus RC04, may be used in agriculture.