Anthony R. Fehr

TL;DR: A brief introduction to coronaviruses is provided discussing their replication and pathogenicity, and current prevention and treatment strategies, and the outbreaks of the highly pathogenic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the recently identified Middle Eastern Respiratories Syndrome Cor onavirus

TL;DR: Using mice infected with SARS-CoV, it is demonstrated that robust virus replication accompanied by delayed type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling orchestrates inflammatory responses and lung immunopathology with diminished survival and is identified as a potential therapeutic targets in patients infected with pathogenic coronavirus and perhaps other respiratory viruses.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the relative timing of the IFN-I response and maximal virus replication is key in determining outcomes, at least in infected mice, and IFn-αβ or combination therapy may need to be used cautiously to treat viral infections in clinical settings.

TL;DR: The β−coronavirus-induced exploitation of lysosomal organelles for egress provides insights into the cellular and immunological abnormalities observed in patients and suggests new therapeutic modalities.

TL;DR: By sensitizing viruses to receptor-induced conformational changes, the first S cleavages expand virus tropism to cell types that are relevant to lung infection, and therefore may be significant determinants of MERS-CoV virulence.