Author
Anup Kumar
Other affiliations: University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Bio: Anup Kumar is an academic researcher from University of Louisville. The author has contributed to research in topics: Wireless network & Mobile computing. The author has an hindex of 21, co-authored 156 publications receiving 2293 citations. Previous affiliations of Anup Kumar include University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign & Indian Institute of Technology Madras.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) are taken up by the gut microbiota and contain RNAs that alter microbiome composition and host physiology and reveal how plant products and their effects on the microbiome may be used to target specific host processes to alleviate disease.
407 citations
TL;DR: The use of low input power densities (power and NA) suggests that this bowtie nanoantenna trapping system will be particularly attractive for lab-on-a-chip technology or biological applications aimed at reducing specimen photodamage.
Abstract: We present the use of Au bowtie nanoantenna arrays (BNAs) for highly efficient, multipurpose particle manipulation with unprecedented low input power and low-numerical aperture (NA) focusing. Optical trapping efficiencies measured are up to 20× the efficiencies of conventional high-NA optical traps and are among the highest reported to date. Empirically obtained plasmonic optical trapping “phase diagrams″ are introduced to detail the trapping response of the BNAs as a function of input power, wavelength, polarization, particle diameter, and BNA array spacing (number density). Using these diagrams, parameters are chosen, employing strictly the degrees-of-freedom of the input light, to engineer specific trapping tasks including (1) dexterous, single-particle trapping and manipulation, (2) trapping and manipulation of two- and three-dimensional particle clusters, and (3) particle sorting. The use of low input power densities (power and NA) suggests that this bowtie nanoantenna trapping system will be particu...
372 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that MVP-mediated selective sorting of tumour suppressor miRNA into exosomes promotes tumour progression and causes cell cycle G1 arrest and cell proliferation repression through targeting of Caprin1.
Abstract: Exosomes are emerging mediators of intercellular communication; whether the release of exosomes has an effect on the exosome donor cells in addition to the recipient cells has not been investigated to any extent. Here, we examine different exosomal miRNA expression profiles in primary mouse colon tumour, liver metastasis of colon cancer and naive colon tissues. In more advanced disease, higher levels of tumour suppressor miRNAs are encapsulated in the exosomes. miR-193a interacts with major vault protein (MVP). Knockout of MVP leads to miR-193a accumulation in the exosomal donor cells instead of exosomes, inhibiting tumour progression. Furthermore, miR-193a causes cell cycle G1 arrest and cell proliferation repression through targeting of Caprin1, which upregulates Ccnd2 and c-Myc. Human colon cancer patients with more advanced disease show higher levels of circulating exosomal miR-193a. In summary, our data demonstrate that MVP-mediated selective sorting of tumour suppressor miRNA into exosomes promotes tumour progression. Exosomes are involved in the development of metastasis but how their composition is regulated is not well known. Here the authors propose that major vault protein-dependent loading of miR-193a into exosomes could be a general mechanism by which cancer cells get rid of oncosuppressor miRNAs.
336 citations
01 Mar 2021
TL;DR: This paper provides a holistic coverage of the Internet of Things in Smart Cities by discussing the fundamental components that make up the IoT based Smart City landscape followed by the technologies that enable these domains to exist in terms of architectures utilized, networking technologies used as well as the Artificial Algorithms deployed in IoTbased Smart City systems.
Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) is a system that integrates different devices and technologies, removing the necessity of human intervention. This enables the capacity of having smart (or smarter) cities around the world. By hosting different technologies and allowing interactions between them, the internet of things has spearheaded the development of smart city systems for sustainable living, increased comfort and productivity for citizens. The IoT for Smart Cities has many different domains and draws upon various underlying systems for its operation. In this paper, we provide a holistic coverage of the Internet of Things in Smart Cities. We start by discussing the fundamental components that make up the IoT based Smart City landscape followed by the technologies that enable these domains to exist in terms of architectures utilized, networking technologies used as well as the Artificial Algorithms deployed in IoT based Smart City systems. This is then followed up by a review of the most prevalent practices and applications in various Smart City domains. Lastly, the challenges that deployment of IoT systems for smart cities encounter along with mitigation measures.
153 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a vectorial description of induced field is given, which complements the information obtained from experiments, and the results of radiative emission under electron excitation show an excellent agreement with experiments.
Abstract: Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy has been performed on silver nanoparticles in a scanning electron microscopy setup. Peaks appearing in the visible range for particles fabricated on silicon substrate are shown to arrive from excitation of out-of-plane eigenmodes by the electron beam. Monochromatic emission maps have been shown to resolve spatial field variation of resonant plasmon mode on length scale smaller than 25 nm. Finite-difference time-domain numerical simulations are performed for both the cases of light excitation and electron excitation. The results of radiative emission under electron excitation show an excellent agreement with experiments. A complete vectorial description of induced field is given, which complements the information obtained from experiments.
130 citations
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TL;DR: Extracellular vesicles are now considered as an additional mechanism for intercellular communication, allowing cells to exchange proteins, lipids and genetic material.
Abstract: Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures comprising exosomes and microvesicles, which originate from the endosomal system or which are shed from the plasma membrane, respectively They are present in biological fluids and are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes Extracellular vesicles are now considered as an additional mechanism for intercellular communication, allowing cells to exchange proteins, lipids and genetic material Knowledge of the cellular processes that govern extracellular vesicle biology is essential to shed light on the physiological and pathological functions of these vesicles as well as on clinical applications involving their use and/or analysis However, in this expanding field, much remains unknown regarding the origin, biogenesis, secretion, targeting and fate of these vesicles
4,241 citations
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 1991TL;DR: It is concluded that properly augmented and power-controlled multiple-cell CDMA (code division multiple access) promises a quantum increase in current cellular capacity.
Abstract: It is shown that, particularly for terrestrial cellular telephony, the interference-suppression feature of CDMA (code division multiple access) can result in a many-fold increase in capacity over analog and even over competing digital techniques. A single-cell system, such as a hubbed satellite network, is addressed, and the basic expression for capacity is developed. The corresponding expressions for a multiple-cell system are derived. and the distribution on the number of users supportable per cell is determined. It is concluded that properly augmented and power-controlled multiple-cell CDMA promises a quantum increase in current cellular capacity. >
2,951 citations
TL;DR: High-resolution density gradient fractionation and direct immunoaffinity capture are employed to precisely characterize the RNA, DNA, and protein constituents of exosomes and other non-vesicle material and show that small extracellular vesicles are not vehicles of active DNA release.
1,515 citations