Anupama Singh

Bio: Anupama Singh is an academic researcher from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Lead–acid battery & Battery (electricity). The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 3 publications receiving 21 citations. Previous affiliations of Anupama Singh include Savitribai Phule Pune University.

A broad review on desulfation of lead-acid battery for electric hybrid vehicle

Abstract: In today’s world, electric hybrid vehicle (EHV) is a prevailing vehicle technology in that the major part is electric battery and lead-acid battery is the widely usable battery in the EHV because of its cost and efficiency. The real disadvantage in lead-acid battery is that it easily sulfates because of improper charging or discharging. Hence, desulfation circuit or charge controller is placed along with the rechargeable lead-acid battery for proper charging and subsequently sulfating gets reduced. Numerous research techniques are proposed for this desulfation or charge controlling are inspected in this paper. The desulfation or charge controlling of lead-acid batteries done based upon various techniques and our audit made according to various methods such as pulse width modulation, pressure feedback, resonant frequency, chemical reaction and artificial intelligent. Eventually, the direction for the future research is talked about in view of the survey investigation.

Mitigation of sulfation in lead acid battery towards life time extension using ultra capacitor in hybrid electric vehicle

Abstract: Batteries act as one of the primary sources of energy for high power Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). The life of the battery becomes a significant constraint while building an HEV. So researchers found Lithium-ion batteries are more suitable for HEV with a better lifecycle. But the manufacturing cost of Lithium-ion batteries is expensive. Thus, while designing an economic HEV, the cost of batteries also a constraint. In subsequent years, lead-acid batteries are found one of the best alternatives for lithium-ion. Sulfation is the main problem in lead-acid batteries. So de-sulfation is a solution to recover the sulphated lead-acid battery. But de-sulfation was not found as a better solution for preventing sulfation. Hence battery management system for proper charging or discharge is found as a passive solution for the sulfation. In literature, many methods are reviewed related to proper charging and a discharging controller which may trap in sulfation problem. Hence, this paper, an Atom Search Algorithm (ASA) based Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) is designed to enable proper charging and discharging controller for increasing the lifecycles of the lead-acid battery by avoiding sulfation. The lead-acid battery is connected with Ultra-Capacitor (UC) through a bidirectional DC-DC converter to enable proper charging and to discharge of controller in a. The lifetime extension of lead-acid battery is attained by maintaining the proper charging and discharging through the conservation of Depth of Charge (DOC) and State of Charge (SOC). The charging and discharging controller of the lead-acid battery are enabled by a rule-based control strategy in the converter. The optimal operation of the converter is to provide essential supply to meet the load drive cycle as well as battery charging progress. To avoid battery's dry conditions, UC is playing the leading role to supply by the converter. The controller action is performed through the consumption of the Fractional-Order Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (FOPID) in the bidirectional DC-DC converter. The optimal switching operations are selected with the utilisation of the ASA algorithm. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB/ Simulink and contrasted with existing methods. Finally, the proposed method extends the lifecycles of the battery to 7500 cycles by proper charging and discharging controller.

Lead-acid battery for HEV using fuzzy controller and ultracapacitor

Abstract: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) technology is most upcoming in automobile industries, to reduce the pollution and fuel consumption. Lead acid batteries are mostly used in the automobile industries, because of its high efficiency and low cost. However a major problem can arise in the lead-acid battery is sulfation, which occurs because of improper charging and discharging. Sulfation is a chemical reaction that happened inside the lead-acid batteries but it can reconstruct without chemical experiment. The main intension of this proposed work is to develop a Battry Management system for (HEV), to increase life of battery . In the proposed work , lead-acid battery is coupled with the ultracapacitor along with an intelligent controller scheme. For controlling charging and discharging of battery a pulse width modulation (PWM) technique used along with a fuzzy controller. The parameter considered in the control scheme are temperature, voltage, current etc., based on this the pulse signal will be generated. The overall proposed system can enhance the life time of the lead-acid battery. From this work we obtained a well suitable solution for battery management system for the HEV, which can enhance the battery life .The proposed system is implemented and verified using Matlab/Simulink platform.

A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development

Abstract: Electric vehicles (EV), including Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), are becoming more commonplace in the transportation sector in recent times. As the present trend suggests, this mode of transport is likely to replace internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in the near future. Each of the main EV components has a number of technologies that are currently in use or can become prominent in the future. EVs can cause significant impacts on the environment, power system, and other related sectors. The present power system could face huge instabilities with enough EV penetration, but with proper management and coordination, EVs can be turned into a major contributor to the successful implementation of the smart grid concept. There are possibilities of immense environmental benefits as well, as the EVs can extensively reduce the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transportation sector. However, there are some major obstacles for EVs to overcome before totally replacing ICE vehicles. This paper is focused on reviewing all the useful data available on EV configurations, battery energy sources, electrical machines, charging techniques, optimization techniques, impacts, trends, and possible directions of future developments. Its objective is to provide an overall picture of the current EV technology and ways of future development to assist in future researches in this sector.

Review on Comparison of Different Energy Storage Technologies Used in Micro-Energy Harvesting, WSNs, Low-Cost Microelectronic Devices: Challenges and Recommendations.

Abstract: This paper reviews energy storage systems, in general, and for specific applications in low-cost micro-energy harvesting (MEH) systems, low-cost microelectronic devices, and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). With the development of electronic gadgets, low-cost microelectronic devices and WSNs, the need for an efficient, light and reliable energy storage device is increased. The current energy storage systems (ESS) have the disadvantages of self-discharging, energy density, life cycles, and cost. The ambient energy resources are the best option as an energy source, but the main challenge in harvesting energy from ambient sources is the instability of the source of energy. Due to the explosion of lithium batteries in many cases, and the pros associated with them, the design of an efficient device, which is more reliable and efficient than conventional batteries, is important. This review paper focused on the issues of the reliability and performance of electrical ESS, and, especially, discussed the technical challenges and suggested solutions for ESS (batteries, supercapacitors, and for a hybrid combination of supercapacitors and batteries) in detail. Nowadays, the main market of batteries is WSNs, but in the last decade, the world’s attention has turned toward supercapacitors as a good alternative of batteries. The main advantages of supercapacitors are their light weight, volume, greater life cycle, turbo charging/discharging, high energy density and power density, low cost, easy maintenance, and no pollution. This study reviews supercapacitors as a better alternative of batteries in low-cost electronic devices, WSNs, and MEH systems.

Review on the roles of carbon materials in lead-carbon batteries

Abstract: Lead-acid battery (LAB) has been in widespread use for many years due to its mature technology, abound raw materials, low cost, high safety, and high efficiency of recycling. However, the irreversible sulfation in the negative electrode becomes one of the key issues for its further development and application. Lead-carbon battery (LCB) is evolved from LAB by adding different kinds of carbon materials in the negative electrode, and it has effectively suppressed the problem of negative irreversible sulfation of traditional LAB. Different carbon materials play different roles in LCB, including construction of conductive network, double-layer capacitance storage effect, formation of porous structure and steric effect. Moreover, research on composite material additives (such as Pb-C composite materials and polymer-C composite materials) and Pb-C composite electrode have become a research focus in the past few years; it has been another effective way to improve the performance of the negative electrode. On the other hand, due to the relatively low overpotential of carbon materials, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) will be aggravated in LCB, which affects its electrochemical performance. It is necessary to modify carbon additives or add other additives to inhibit the HER. This paper will attempt to summarize the roles of carbon additives in the negative electrode made by previous research and illustrate the effect of composite material additives and Pb-C composite electrode on the negative electrode. Moreover, we will also sum up the method for solving the HER by reviewing previous research.