An increasing number of objects (things) are being connected to the Internet as they become more advanced, compact, and affordable. These Internet-connected objects are paving the way toward the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is a distributed network of low-powered, low-storage, light-weight and scalable nodes. Most low-power IoT sensors and embedded IoT devices are powered by batteries with limited lifespans, which need replacement every few years. This replacement process is costly, so smart energy management could play a vital role in enabling energy efficiency for communicating IoT objects. For example, harvesting of energy from naturally or artificially available environmental resources removes IoT networks’ dependence on batteries. Scavenging unlimited amounts of energy in contrast to battery-powered solutions makes IoT systems long-lasting. Thus, here we present energy-harvesting and sub-systems for IoT networks. After surveying the options for harvesting systems, distribution approaches, storage devices and control units, we highlight future design challenges of IoT energy harvesters that must be addressed to continuously and reliably deliver energy.

Design architectures for energy harvesting in the Internet of Things

The session initiation protocol (SIP) is the most widely used signaling protocol for controlling communication on the Internet, establishing, maintaining, and terminating the sessions. To get secure communication, many authentication protocols for SIP have been proposed. Very recently, Zhang et al. proposed a new authenticated key agreement protocol for SIP using smart card. They also show their protocol could withstand various attacks. However, in this paper, we point out that their protocol is vulnerable to the impersonation attack. We also propose an improved protocol to overcome the weakness. Security analysis shows that our protocol could overcome the weaknesses in Zhang et al.’s protocol. Performance analysis shows that the computational cost in the authentication phase of our protocol is about 75 % of Zhang et al.’s protocol.

An improved authentication protocol for session initiation protocol using smart card

Providing a suitable key agreement protocol for session initiation protocol is crucial to protecting the communication among the users over the open channel. This paper presents an efficient and flexible password authenticated key agreement protocol for session initiation protocol associated with Voice over Internet Protocol. The proposed protocol has many unique properties, such as session key agreement, mutual authentication, password updating function and the server not needing to maintain a password or verification table, and so on. In addition, our protocol is secure against the replay attack, the impersonation attack, the stolen-verifier attack, the man-in-the-middle attack, the Denning-Sacco attack, and the offline dictionary attack with or without the smart card. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Efficient and flexible password authenticated key agreement for Voice over Internet Protocol Session Initiation Protocol using smart card

The Internet of Things, abbreviated as IoT, is a new networking paradigm composed of wireless and wired networks, geographically distributed and interconnected by a “secured” backbone, essentially, the Internet. It connects billions of heterogeneous devices, called Things, using different communication technologies and provides end-users, all over the world, with a variety of smart applications. IoT constitutes a new evolution for the Internet in terms of diversity, size, and applications. It also invites cybercriminals who exploit IoT infrastructures to conduct large scale, distributed, and devastating cyberattacks that may have serious consequences. The security of IoT infrastructures strongly depends on the security of its wired and wireless infrastructures. Still, the wireless infrastructures are thought to be the most outspread, important, and vulnerable part of IoT. To achieve the security goals in the wireless infrastructures of IoT, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of IoT attacks, their classification, and security solutions in such infrastructures. In this paper, we provide a survey of attacks related to the wireless infrastructures of IoT in general, and to the most used short-range wireless communication technologies in the resource-constrained part of IoT in particular. Namely, we consider Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and RFID wireless communication technologies. The paper also provides a taxonomy of these attacks based on a security service-based attack classification and discusses existing security defenses and mechanisms that mitigate certain attacks as well as the limitations of these security mechanisms.

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Attacks and Defenses in Short-Range Wireless Technologies for IoT

A cognitive wireless sensor network is considered, where a cluster of secondary sensors utilize channel vacancies of a primary network and transmit their measurement samples to a common sink node. We propose a joint framing and scheduling policy that optimizes energy efficiency of communication system under strict constraints on the expected age of information. The age of information is defined as the timespan from the sampling epoch to the successful delivery of the samples to the sink node including framing time, queuing time, waiting time for channel vacancies, and transmission time. First, we develop a number-based framing policy to determine the number of samples bundled into data packets with constant header sizes. Then, we quantify the impact of this policy on the age of information and communication energy efficiency by characterizing the utilized queuing dynamics, packet discard rate, and retransmission probability. The derived closed-form expressions for the age of information and energy efficiency are used to regularize packet lengths based on the current sampling rate, channel quality, and channel utilization rate by primary users. The proposed method can be used to develop low-cost and energy-efficient network of unlicensed sensors for delay sensitive applications such as body area sensor networks.

Maximizing Energy Efficiency of Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks With Constrained Age of Information

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/575207.pdf

Secure Medical Data Transmission by Using ECC with Mutual Authentication in WSNs

Recently SIP authentication scheme using Elliptic Curve Cryptography has been proposed and it was claimed that scheme is efficient and secure against replay attack, password guessing attack, Man-in-middle Attack, Modification attack, Denning-Sacco attacks and Stolen verifier attack. In addition, it provides mutual authentication between communicating parties and generates a session key agreed between them. This paper shows that the scheme is still insecure. An adversary can easily derive the session key from the intercepted messages.

Cryptanalysis of SIP secure and efficient authentication scheme

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) is a part of wireless networks. No wires and fixed routers are used in this type of network. It is not everlasting network; it is the short term network. Nodes has the capability to self organize themselves and it follows infrastructure less architecture. Network is formed by number of nodes moving in an inconsistent manner. They do not form any topology. Few examples of Ad hoc wireless network devices are Laptops, palmtops, smart phones etc [6]. And every nodes further acts as routers which transfers packet from one node to another node. Security is one of the main issues in Mobile Ad hoc Network. From last few years security problems in MANETs are gaining much attention. As there are many security vulnerabilities in MANET and which is the reason that it is not safe from attacks. There are many types of MANET like VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Network), SPANs (Smart Phone Ad hoc Networks), iMANET (Internet based Mobile Ad hoc Network), Tactical MANET. The aim of this paper is to discuss about different types of attacks in Ad hoc network and some of the techniques by which these attacks can be protected.

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Comparative Analysis of Various Attacks on MANET

Healthcare service is one the most important aspects of human life. Traditional healthcare industry has shifted to Information Technology. Modern IT-based healthcare also known as e-Healthcare uses various features of IT and makes it a smart choice for human being. Wireless Body Area Network is one of the most important advancements under e-Healthcare which is based on Wireless Sensor Network. There are various techniques which are being used and most of them focus on security issues. In this paper, we have tried to review all current used techniques under this category and concluded some major existing issues.

A survey on wireless body area network and electronic-healthcare

 Abstract—In order to provide confidentiality in group communication, data is encrypted using a session key. Group key generation, session key generation and their distribution are the most important issues in multicast. This paper presents a secure session key distribution technique for group communication. In this framework, any member in the group can generate and distribute the session key to all the group members securely.

Anurag Singh Tomar

Papers

Secure Medical Data Transmission by Using ECC with Mutual Authentication in WSNs

Cryptanalysis of SIP secure and efficient authentication scheme

Comparative Analysis of Various Attacks on MANET

A survey on wireless body area network and electronic-healthcare

Secure Session Key Generation Technique for Group Communication