Appusami Arunagiri

Bio: Appusami Arunagiri is an academic researcher from National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli. The author has contributed to research in topics: Polyester & Drug carrier. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 3 publications receiving 54 citations.

Synthesis and characterization of imidazolium ILs based chitosan–tripolyphosphate microparticles

Abstract: In this work, two imidazolium based ILs, 1–butyl–3– methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [bmim][HSO4] and 1–butyl–3– methylimidazolium acetate [bmim][Ac] were blended with Chitosan (CS) to synthesize the CS–IL–TPP microparticles. The prepared microparticles were characterized by Zetasizer, FTIR, TGA, SEM and elemental analysis (EDX). The addition of these ILs resulted in controlled sized microparticles which possessed good thermal stability. The elemental analysis indicated that the better crosslinking of tripolyphosphate (TPP) with CS was achieved in the presence of IL, [bmim] [Ac] as compared with [bmim] [HSO4] and CS–TPP formulation alone. The better crosslinking might result in the formation of stable and compact microparticles which could have a better control over the drug release applications. Therefore, this kind of IL might be suitable for improving the characteristics of chitosan as a drug carrier which could ultimately provide controlled release of unstable drugs.

Impact of Surface Modification of Activated Carbon on BTEX Removal from Aqueous Solutions: A Review

Abstract: Environmental contamination caused by primary pollutants endangers human health, therefore, contemporaneous research has been conducted to annihilate its detrimental effects. Polycyclic aromatic compounds along with benzene, toluene, xylene, aniline, and phenol have attracted much attention, since they constitute some of the most common and serious threats to the environment. Activated carbon (AC) is the most implicit form of amorphous carbon for the removal of different organic/inorganic compounds dissolved in the aqueous/gaseous environment. The process of activation is comprised of physical and chemical activation. The production of AC through the physical process encompasses two steps: carbonization and activation. Among the physical, surface, and textural properties of AC, specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution have their own specific role in determining the adsorption properties of AC. The fundamental issue for the aqueous solution adsorption is the understanding of adsorption mechanism of AC.

Chitosan Derivatives and Their Application in Biomedicine.

Abstract: Chitosan is a product of the deacetylation of chitin, which is widely found in nature. Chitosan is insoluble in water and most organic solvents, which seriously limits both its application scope and applicable fields. However, chitosan contains active functional groups that are liable to chemical reactions; thus, chitosan derivatives can be obtained through the chemical modification of chitosan. The modification of chitosan has been an important aspect of chitosan research, showing a better solubility, pH-sensitive targeting, an increased number of delivery systems, etc. This review summarizes the modification of chitosan by acylation, carboxylation, alkylation, and quaternization in order to improve the water solubility, pH sensitivity, and the targeting of chitosan derivatives. The applications of chitosan derivatives in the antibacterial, sustained slowly release, targeting, and delivery system fields are also described. Chitosan derivatives will have a large impact and show potential in biomedicine for the development of drugs in future.

Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors.

Abstract: Advances in nanotechnology have favored the development of novel colloidal formulations able to modulate the pharmacological and biopharmaceutical properties of drugs. The peculiar physico-chemical and technological properties of nanomaterial-based therapeutics have allowed for several successful applications in the treatment of cancer. The size, shape, charge and patterning of nanoscale therapeutic molecules are parameters that need to be investigated and modulated in order to promote and optimize cell and tissue interaction. In this review, the use of polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery systems of anticancer compounds, their physico-chemical properties and their ability to be efficiently localized in specific tumor tissues have been described. The nanoencapsulation of antitumor active compounds in polymeric systems is a promising approach to improve the efficacy of various tumor treatments.

Chitosan Nanoparticles-Insight into Properties, Functionalization and Applications in Drug Delivery and Theranostics.

Abstract: Nanotechnology-based development of drug delivery systems is an attractive area of research in formulation driven R&D laboratories that makes administration of new and complex drugs feasible. It plays a significant role in the design of novel dosage forms by attributing target specific drug delivery, controlled drug release, improved, patient friendly drug regimen and lower side effects. Polysaccharides, especially chitosan, occupy an important place and are widely used in nano drug delivery systems owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review focuses on chitosan nanoparticles and envisages to provide an insight into the chemistry, properties, drug release mechanisms, preparation techniques and the vast evolving landscape of diverse applications across disease categories leading to development of better therapeutics and superior clinical outcomes. It summarizes recent advancement in the development and utility of functionalized chitosan in anticancer therapeutics, cancer immunotherapy, theranostics and multistage delivery systems.

A Critical Review of Electrochemical Glucose Sensing: Evolution of Biosensor Platforms Based on Advanced Nanosystems.

Abstract: The research field of glucose biosensing has shown remarkable growth and development since the first reported enzyme electrode in 1962. Extensive research on various immobilization methods and the improvement of electron transfer efficiency between the enzyme and the electrode have led to the development of various sensing platforms that have been constantly evolving with the invention of advanced nanostructures and their nano-composites. Examples of such nanomaterials or composites include gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, carbon/graphene quantum dots and chitosan hydrogel composites, all of which have been exploited due to their contributions as components of a biosensor either for improving the immobilization process or for their electrocatalytic activity towards glucose. This review aims to summarize the evolution of the biosensing aspect of these glucose sensors in terms of the various generations and recent trends based on the use of applied nanostructures for glucose detection in the presence and absence of the enzyme. We describe the history of these biosensors based on commercialized systems, improvements in the understanding of the surface science for enhanced electron transfer, the various sensing platforms developed in the presence of the nanomaterials and their performances.