The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society

Copyright © 2011 (Gilad Lotan, giladlotan@gmail.com; Erhardt Graeff, erhardt@webecologyproject.org; Mike Ananny, mananny@microsoft.com; Devin Gaffney, devin@webeconologyproject.org; Ian Pearce, ian@webeconologyproject.org; danah boyd, dmb@microsoft.com). Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd). Available at http://ijoc.org. The Revolutions Were Tweeted: Information Flows During the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions

The Revolutions Were Tweeted: Information Flows During the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions

This article is a contribution to the debate on audience participation in online media with a twofold aim: (1) making conceptual sense of the phenomenon of participatory journalism in the framework of journalism research, and (2) determining the forms that it is taking in eight European countries and the United States. First, participatory journalism is considered in the context of the historical evolution of public communication. A methodological strategy for systematically analysing citizen participation opportunities in the media is then proposed and applied. A sample of 16 online newspapers offers preliminary data that suggest news organisations are interpreting online user participation mainly as an opportunity for their readers to debate current events, while other stages of the news production process are closed to citizen involvement or controlled by professional journalists when participation is allowed. However, different strategies exist among the studied sample, and contextual factors should b...

/pdf/participatory-journalism-practices-in-the-media-and-beyond-3y77wopwiu.pdf

PARTICIPATORY JOURNALISM PRACTICES IN THE MEDIA AND BEYOND An international comparative study of initiatives in online newspapers

This is a preprint of an article whose final and definitive form has been published in
Journalism Studies © 2010 Taylor & Francis. The official version is available at:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1461670X.2011.571825

/pdf/normalizing-twitter-journalism-practice-in-an-emerging-14zuolh4tn.pdf

NORMALIZING TWITTER Journalism practice in an emerging communication space

The deceptively simple question “What is news?” remains pertinent even as we ponder the future of journalism in the digital age. This article examines news values within mainstream journalism and considers the extent to which news values may be changing since earlier landmark studies were undertaken. Its starting point is Harcup and O’Neill’s widely-cited 2001 updating of Galtung and Ruge’s influential 1965 taxonomy of news values. Just as that study put Galtung and Ruge’s criteria to the test with an empirical content analysis of published news, this new study explores the extent to which Harcup and O’Neill’s revised list of news values remain relevant given the challenges (and opportunities) faced by journalism today, including the emergence of social media. A review of recent literature contextualises the findings of a fresh content analysis of news values within a range of UK media 15 years on from the last study. The article concludes by suggesting a revised and updated set of contemporary news values, whilst acknowledging that no taxonomy can ever explain everything.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193

What is news? News values revisited (again)

Notes on Authors Acknowledgements Authors' Note Chapter 1: Introduction: Sharing the Road Part I: The Impact of Participatory Journalism Chapter 2: Mechanisms of Participation: How audience options shape the conversation (Alfred Hermida) Chapter 3: The Journalist s Relationship with Users: New dimensions to conventional roles (Ari Heinonen) Part II: Managing Change Chapter 4: Inside the Newsroom: Journalists' motivations and organizational structures (Steve Paulussen) Chapter 5: Managing Audience Participation: Practices, workfl ows and strategies (David Domingo) Chapter 6: User Comments: The transformation of participatory space (Zvi Reich) Part III: Issues and Implications Chapter 7: Taking Responsibility: Legal and ethical issues in participatory journalism (Jane B Singer) Chapter 8: Participatory Journalism in the Marketplace: Economic motivations behind the practices (Marina Vujnovic) Chapter 9: Understanding a New Phenomenon: The signifi cance of participatory journalism (Thorsten Quandt) Chapter 10: Fluid Spaces, Fluid Journalism: The role of the "active recipient" in participatory journalism (Alfred Hermida) Appendix: About Our Study Glossary References Index

http://www.isracom.org.il/.upload/Zvi%20Reich.pdf

Participatory Journalism: Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers

More than a decade after the adoption of the Internet by news organisations and newsrooms, journalism is still coming to terms with its implications. It offers a novel platform for reaching audiences and has become a part of newsgathering and news-processing routines. But, as the Net develops in sometimes unpredictable directions, it raises an array of new questions about practices and values, some of which go to the declared defining essentials of journalism. The new media ecology, with its additional agendas of interactivity, democracy, multimediality, and with a new domain of bloggers and citizen reporters, presents a set of issues and opportunities that extend beyond familiar boundaries. European journalists in 11 countries were asked, in an informed survey, to respond to questions concerning these developments. The results elaborate some of the tensions between “traditional” journalism, rooted in “old” media, and the new perceptions, expectations and pressures of digital journalism in an increasingly...

Old values, new media

From the perspective of journalism, weblogs can be seen as a new category of news and current affairs communication. Although most weblogs do not even pretend to be journalistic or related to current events in the sense shared by institutional media, when bloggers approach the arena of journalism, some of their working principles can challenge traditional professional standards: Conversation with the audience, transparency in the reporting process or even participatory news production are common in blogging. By challenging the conventional understanding of what journalism is, weblogs have revitalized the voices that expect a paradigm shift in journalism in the Internet era. In order to contribute to the debate on the influences of weblogs on journalism and make it more systematic, we propose a typology of journalistic weblogs, along a continuum ranging from the least to the most institutionalized in terms of their relationship to the established media: At one end, we find weblogs produced by the public outside media companies, and at the other end, we find those that are part of media content and produced by professional staff journalists. We argue that weblogs are a symbol of the ongoing change in the relationship between citizens, media and journalists – a change that questions the basic assumptions of the traditional roles of institutional journalism.

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Weblogs and Journalism: A Typology to Explore the Blurring Boundaries

This paper looks at how mainstream media are currently reacting to the trend of citizen media. In order to look beyond the hype and high expectations about user generated content, we first try to put the debate on citizen and participatory journalism in context. We argue that the revived interest in participatory journalism is the result of both external developments in society and internal evolutions in journalism. Next, we analyze these developments in four European countries – Belgium, Finland, Germany and Spain – in order to identify similarities and differences that hint at the (professional, organizational, socio-cultural and economic) factors influencing the evolution of participatory journalism. Data collected suggests that despite of the differences in context, media in any of the four countries tend to develop very limited opportunities for audience participation. The professional culture of journalists is suggested as the main factor preventing the development of participatory projects, while marketing and business strategies somehow push for the exploration of such proposals.

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Ari Heinonen

Papers

PARTICIPATORY JOURNALISM PRACTICES IN THE MEDIA AND BEYOND An international comparative study of initiatives in online newspapers

Participatory Journalism: Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers

Old values, new media

Weblogs and Journalism: A Typology to Explore the Blurring Boundaries

Doing It Together: Citizen Participation In The Professional News Making Process