scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Author

Arif Dalvi

Bio: Arif Dalvi is an academic researcher from University of Chicago. The author has contributed to research in topics: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor & Deep brain stimulation. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 15 publications receiving 4968 citations. Previous affiliations of Arif Dalvi include University of Illinois at Chicago & Memorial Hospital of South Bend.

Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Christopher G. Goetz1, Barbara C. Tilley2, Stephanie R. Shaftman2, Glenn T. Stebbins1, Stanley Fahn3, Pablo Martinez-Martin, Werner Poewe4, Cristina Sampaio5, Matthew B. Stern6, Richard Dodel7, Bruno Dubois8, Robert G. Holloway9, Joseph Jankovic10, Jaime Kulisevsky11, Anthony E. Lang12, Andrew J. Lees13, Sue Leurgans1, Peter A. LeWitt14, David L. Nyenhuis15, C. Warren Olanow16, Olivier Rascol17, Anette Schrag13, Jeanne A. Teresi3, Jacobus J. van Hilten18, Nancy R. LaPelle19, Pinky Agarwal, Saima Athar, Yvette Bordelan, Helen Bronte-Stewart, Richard Camicioli, Kelvin L. Chou, Wendy Cole, Arif Dalvi, Holly Delgado, Alan Diamond, Jeremy P.R. Dick, John E. Duda, Rodger J. Elble, Carol Evans, V. G. H. Evidente, Hubert H. Fernandez, Susan H. Fox, Joseph H. Friedman, Robin D. Fross, David A. Gallagher, Deborah A. Hall, Neal Hermanowicz, Vanessa K. Hinson, Stacy Horn, Howard I. Hurtig, Un Jung Kang, Galit Kleiner-Fisman, Olga Klepitskaya, Katie Kompoliti, Eugene C. Lai, Maureen L. Leehey, Iracema Leroi, Kelly E. Lyons, Terry McClain, Steven W. Metzer, Janis M. Miyasaki, John C. Morgan, Martha Nance, Joanne Nemeth, Rajesh Pahwa, Sotirios A. Parashos, Jay S. Schneider, Kapil D. Sethi, Lisa M. Shulman, Andrew Siderowf, Monty Silverdale, Tanya Simuni, Mark Stacy, Robert Malcolm Stewart, Kelly L. Sullivan, David M. Swope, Pettaruse M. Wadia, Richard Walker, Ruth H. Walker, William J. Weiner, Jill Wiener, Jayne R. Wilkinson, Joanna M. Wojcieszek, Summer C. Wolfrath, Frederick Wooten, Allen Wu, Theresa A. Zesiewicz, Richard M. Zweig 
TL;DR: The combined clinimetric results of this study support the validity of the MDS‐UPDRS for rating PD.
Abstract: We present a clinimetric assessment of the Movement Disorder Society (MDS)-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The MDS-UDPRS Task Force revised and expanded the UPDRS using recommendations from a published critique. The MDS-UPDRS has four parts, namely, I: Non-motor Experiences of Daily Living; II: Motor Experiences of Daily Living; III: Motor Examination; IV: Motor Complications. Twenty questions are completed by the patient/caregiver. Item-specific instructions and an appendix of complementary additional scales are provided. Movement disorder specialists and study coordinators administered the UPDRS (55 items) and MDS-UPDRS (65 items) to 877 English speaking (78% non-Latino Caucasian) patients with Parkinson's disease from 39 sites. We compared the two scales using correlative techniques and factor analysis. The MDS-UPDRS showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79-0.93 across parts) and correlated with the original UPDRS (rho = 0.96). MDS-UPDRS across-part correlations ranged from 0.22 to 0.66. Reliable factor structures for each part were obtained (comparative fit index > 0.90 for each part), which support the use of sum scores for each part in preference to a total score of all parts. The combined clinimetric results of this study support the validity of the MDS-UPDRS for rating PD.

4,589 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to confirm initial clinical benefits observed in a small, open‐label trial using intraputamenal (Ipu) infusion of recombinant human GDNF (liatermin).
Abstract: Objective Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) exerts potent trophic influence on midbrain dopaminergic neurons. This randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to confirm initial clinical benefits observed in a small, open-label trial using intraputamenal (Ipu) infusion of recombinant human GDNF (liatermin). Methods Thirty-four PD patients were randomized 1 to 1 to receive bilateral continuous Ipu infusion of liatermin 15μg/putamen/day or placebo. The primary end point was the change in Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score in the practically defined off condition at 6 months. Secondary end points included other UPDRS scores, motor tests, dyskinesia ratings, patient diaries, and 18F-dopa uptake. Results At 6 months, mean percentage changes in “off” UPDRS motor score were −10.0% and −4.5% in the liatermin and placebo groups, respectively. This treatment difference was not significant (95% confidence interval, −23.0 to 12.0, p = 0.53). Secondary end point results were similar between the groups. A 32.5% treatment difference favoring liatermin in mean 18F-dopa influx constant (p = 0.019) was observed. Serious, device-related adverse events required surgical repositioning of catheters in two patients and removal of devices in another. Neutralizing antiliatermin antibodies were detected in three patients (one on-study and two in the open-label extension). Interpretation Liatermin did not confer the predetermined level of clinical benefit to patients with PD despite increased 18F-dopa uptake. It is uncertain whether technical differences between this trial and positive open-label studies contributed in any way this negative outcome. Ann Neurol 2006

928 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Static posturographic recordings were obtained from six Parkinson’s patients and six age-matched, healthy control participants and revealed differences in center of pressure (COP) dynamics between Parkinson's and control participants.
Abstract: Static posturographic recordings were obtained from six Parkinson's patients and six age-matched, healthy control participants. The availability of vision and visuo-spatial cognitive load were manipulated. Postural sway patterns were analyzed using recurrence quantification analysis (RQA), which revealed differences in center of pressure (COP) dynamics between Parkinson's and control participants. AP COP trajectories for the Parkinson's group were not only significantly more variable than for the control group, but also exhibited distinct patterns of temporal dynamics. The visual manipulation did not differentially affect the two groups. No cognitive load effects were found. The results are generally consistent with the hypothesis that pathological physiological systems exhibit a tendency for less flexible, more deterministic dynamic patterns.

195 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Robert A. Hauser1, Mark F. Lew2, Howard I. Hurtig3, William G. Ondo4, Joanne Wojcieszek5, Cheryl Fitzer-Attas, Frederick J. Marshall6, Irenita Gardiner6, Nancy Pearson6, Debra Berry6, Kathleen M. Shannon7, Jean A. Jaglin7, William G. Ondo4, Christine Hunter4, Cathy R. Anderson4, Peter A. LeWitt, Patricia Kaminski, Dawn Miller, Maryan DeAngelis, Janis M. Miyasaki8, Julie So8, Lisa Johnston8, Caroline M. Tanner, Tracy Stewart, Lisa Tagg, Sheila Everett, Georgia Germain, Mickie Welsh, Micki McCollister, Linda L. Mann, Carlos Singer9, William C. Koller9, William J. Weiner9, Dinorah Bateman9, Tilak Mendis10, Melodie Moterson10, Cynthia Alcorn-Costa10, Keely Haas10, Peggy Gray10, Davoud Mohtat10, Neila Mendis10, Laura Sutherland10, Howard H. Hurtig3, Mary Lloyd3, Mary Mathews3, Robert Hauser1, Lisa Gauger1, Patricia Dyches1, Cheryl Newcomb1, Jean P. Hubble11, Karen Betcher11, Carolyn C. Weeks11, Sandra K. Kostyk11, Ali H. Rajput12, Marlene Gerow12, Linda Klassen12, Marianne Ewasnishin12, Lawrence I. Golb13, Vanessa Patterson13, Deborah L. Caputo13, Patricia Seuffert13, Rajesh Pahwa14, Tamara Gales14, Lorette J. Jenkins14, Amy Parsons14, Scott Cradr14, Jovianna N. Wellinghoff14, Shantelle Coe14, Cheryl Armstrong2, Connie Kawai2, Katherine B. Hawthorne2, Kellie Gelles2, Xiaoming Lu2, Suzanne W. Schuman2, Cheryl Cooper2, Kenneth Marek, Barbara Fussell, Karen Caplan, Erica Barnabei, Karen Stavris, Kapil D. Sethi15, J. Carpenter15, James B. Osborne15, Shoba Narayan15, K. Ligon15, Eric Molho16, Sharon Evans16, Jacqueline Nash16, Diane Brown16, Mark Stacy17, Kelli Williamson17, Peter Novak18, Robert G. Feldman18, Cathi A. Thomas18, W.R. Wayne Martin, Pam King, Germanine McInnes, Shaunna Caouette, Jo Belden5, Andew Feigin19, Jean Ayan19, Barbara Shannon19, Charles H. Adler20, Stephanie Newman20, Teri Radam20, Myrna Schear21, Naomi Santoni21, Sharon Wortzel21, Nancy Saton21, Paul J. Tuite22, Susan Rolandelli22, Jody Lowery22, Brenda Ebbitt22, Adrienne Baranauskas22, Michael J. Aminoff23, Mirann DiMinno23, Jessie Roth23, Tracey Borst23, Julie Hevezi23, Carolyn Deloa23, Tracey Tam23, Anita Lopez23, John M. Bertoni24, Larisa I. Skrypnik24, Carolyn Peterson24, Mark Forrest Gordon19, Roberta Winnick19, Sharyn Parness19, Joanne Hamann19, Vincent Calabrese, Peggy Roberge, Paul Atchison, Cathy W. Allen, Susan Rolli, Arif Dalvi25, Un Jung Kang25, Judy Richman25, Shirley Uy25 
TL;DR: Compared to delayed start, early initiation of rasagiline provided long‐term clinical benefit, even in the face of treatment with other dopaminergic agents.
Abstract: The purpose of this study to compare the long-term clinical outcome of early versus delayed rasagiline treatment in early Parkinson's disease (PD). Subjects (N = 404) were randomly assigned to initial treatment with rasagiline (early-start group) or placebo for 6 months followed by rasagiline (delayed-start group) in the TEMPO study. Subjects who chose to participate in an open-label extension (N = 306) continued to receive rasagiline as well as other PD medications as needed. Average (+/-SD) duration in the study was 3.6 +/- 2.1 years; 177 subjects received rasagiline for > or =5.0 years. Over the entire 6.5-year follow-up period, the adjusted mean difference in change from baseline in total UPDRS scores was 2.5 units (SE 1.1; P = 0.021) or 16% (SE 5.7; P = 0.006) in favor of the early-start versus delayed-start rasagiline group. Although the interaction between treatment and time was significant, values for the early-start group were better than the delayed-start group across all time points. Significantly less worsening (percent change) in total UPDRS scores was observed in the early-start group at the time points 0.5, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 years (P < 0.05). Compared to delayed start, early initiation of rasagiline provided long-term clinical benefit, even in the face of treatment with other dopaminergic agents. This might reflect enduring benefits due to neuroprotection or effects on compensatory mechanisms in early PD.

128 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The benefits of DBS were of sufficient magnitude to justify offering the procedure when medications and botulinum toxin injections have failed, and global subjective gains and notable objective improvement were observed in 11 of 13 patients.
Abstract: Object The aim of this study was to provide an objective assessment of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for groups of patients with mixed secondary dystonia and primary torticollis syndromes by a blinded evaluation of 13 consecutive patients who underwent ineffective medical treatment and botulinum toxin injections. Methods Nine patients with secondary dystonia and 4 with cranial dystonia involving prominent spasmodic torticollis were selected for a DBS implant after they underwent unsuccessful medical treatment. Preoperative videos and neurological assessments were obtained and the DBS implant was inserted into the globus pallidus internus. Postoperatively, DBS parameters were adjusted to provide optimal benefit. Postoperative videotapes and quality of life scores were obtained. Blinded randomized evaluation of videotapes was performed by a neurologist specializing in movement disorders. Videos were scored using the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale, Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale, Burke-Fahn...

85 citations


Cited by
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A thorough understanding of the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations of PD is essential to the proper diagnosis of the disease and genetic mutations or variants, neuroimaging abnormalities and other tests are potential biomarkers that may improve diagnosis and allow the identification of persons at risk.
Abstract: Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterised by a large number of motor and non-motor features that can impact on function to a variable degree. This review describes the clinical characteristics of PD with emphasis on those features that differentiate the disease from other parkinsonian disorders. Methods: A MedLine search was performed to identify studies that assess the clinical characteristics of PD. Search terms included “Parkinson’s disease”, “diagnosis” and “signs and symptoms”. Results: Because there is no definitive test for the diagnosis of PD, the disease must be diagnosed based on clinical criteria. Rest tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and loss of postural reflexes are generally considered the cardinal signs of PD. The presence and specific presentation of these features are used to differentiate PD from related parkinsonian disorders. Other clinical features include secondary motor symptoms (eg, hypomimia, dysarthria, dysphagia, sialorrhoea, micrographia, shuffling gait, festination, freezing, dystonia, glabellar reflexes), non-motor symptoms (eg, autonomic dysfunction, cognitive/neurobehavioral abnormalities, sleep disorders and sensory abnormalities such as anosmia, paresthesias and pain). Absence of rest tremor, early occurrence of gait difficulty, postural instability, dementia, hallucinations, and the presence of dysautonomia, ophthalmoparesis, ataxia and other atypical features, coupled with poor or no response to levodopa, suggest diagnoses other than PD. Conclusions: A thorough understanding of the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations of PD is essential to the proper diagnosis of the disease. Genetic mutations or variants, neuroimaging abnormalities and other tests are potential biomarkers that may improve diagnosis and allow the identification of persons at risk.

4,349 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Movement Disorder Society PD Criteria retain motor parkinsonism as the core feature of the disease, defined as bradykinesia plus rest tremor or rigidity, and two levels of certainty are delineated: clinically established PD and probable PD.
Abstract: This document presents the Movement Disorder Society Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson's disease (PD). The Movement Disorder Society PD Criteria are intended for use in clinical research but also may be used to guide clinical diagnosis. The benchmark for these criteria is expert clinical diagnosis; the criteria aim to systematize the diagnostic process, to make it reproducible across centers and applicable by clinicians with less expertise in PD diagnosis. Although motor abnormalities remain central, increasing recognition has been given to nonmotor manifestations; these are incorporated into both the current criteria and particularly into separate criteria for prodromal PD. Similar to previous criteria, the Movement Disorder Society PD Criteria retain motor parkinsonism as the core feature of the disease, defined as bradykinesia plus rest tremor or rigidity. Explicit instructions for defining these cardinal features are included. After documentation of parkinsonism, determination of PD as the cause of parkinsonism relies on three categories of diagnostic features: absolute exclusion criteria (which rule out PD), red flags (which must be counterbalanced by additional supportive criteria to allow diagnosis of PD), and supportive criteria (positive features that increase confidence of the PD diagnosis). Two levels of certainty are delineated: clinically established PD (maximizing specificity at the expense of reduced sensitivity) and probable PD (which balances sensitivity and specificity). The Movement Disorder Society criteria retain elements proven valuable in previous criteria and omit aspects that are no longer justified, thereby encapsulating diagnosis according to current knowledge. As understanding of PD expands, the Movement Disorder Society criteria will need continuous revision to accommodate these advances.

3,421 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Jan 2008-Neuron
TL;DR: These findings support developments of new therapeutic approaches for chronic neurodegenerative disorders directed at the blood-brain barrier and other nonneuronal cells of the neurovascular unit.

2,797 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review presents why PLGA has been chosen to design nanoparticles as drug delivery systems in various biomedical applications such as vaccination, cancer, inflammation and other diseases.

2,753 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson9s disease as discussed by the authors have been proposed for clinical diagnosis, which are intended for use in clinical research, but may also be used to guide clinical diagnosis.
Abstract: Objective To present the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson9s disease. Background Although several diagnostic criteria for Parkinson9s disease have been proposed, none have been officially adopted by an official Parkinson society. Moreover, the commonest-used criteria, the UK brain bank, were created more than 25 years ago. In recognition of the lack of standard criteria, the MDS initiated a task force to design new diagnostic criteria for clinical Parkinson9s disease. Methods/Results The MDS-PD Criteria are intended for use in clinical research, but may also be used to guide clinical diagnosis. The benchmark is expert clinical diagnosis; the criteria aim to systematize the diagnostic process, to make it reproducible across centers and applicable by clinicians with less expertise. Although motor abnormalities remain central, there is increasing recognition of non-motor manifestations; these are incorporated into both the current criteria and particularly into separate criteria for prodromal PD. Similar to previous criteria, the MDS-PD Criteria retain motor parkinsonism as the core disease feature, defined as bradykinesia plus rest tremor and/or rigidity. Explicit instructions for defining these cardinal features are included. After documentation of parkinsonism, determination of PD as the cause of parkinsonism relies upon three categories of diagnostic features; absolute exclusion criteria (which rule out PD), red flags (which must be counterbalanced by additional supportive criteria to allow diagnosis of PD), and supportive criteria (positive features that increase confidence of PD diagnosis). Two levels of certainty are delineated: Clinically-established PD (maximizing specificity at the expense of reduced sensitivity), and Probable PD (which balances sensitivity and specificity). Conclusion The MDS criteria retain elements proven valuable in previous criteria and omit aspects that are no longer justified, thereby encapsulating diagnosis according to current knowledge. As understanding of PD expands, criteria will need continuous revision to accommodate these advances. Disclosure: Dr. Postuma has received personal compensation for activities with Roche Diagnostics Corporation and Biotie Therapies. Dr. Berg has received research support from Michael J. Fox Foundation, the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), the German Parkinson Association and Novartis GmbH.

1,655 citations