Arnon D. Cohen

Bio: Arnon D. Cohen is an academic researcher from Clalit Health Services. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Odds ratio. The author has an hindex of 41, co-authored 374 publications receiving 7913 citations. Previous affiliations of Arnon D. Cohen include University of Milan & University of Connecticut.

Apparatus and method for the detection of one lung intubation by monitoring sounds

Abstract: A method and a device for the acoustic detection of a one lung intubation situation in a human subject are disclosed. According to some embodiments, the disclosed method includes computing an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) or an autoregressive function of electrical signals received from acoustic detectors placed at different locations on the body of the subject. Appropriate locations for acoustic detectors include the back region and the chest region. The disclosed method and apparatus are insensitive to uncancelled, random background noise with a loudness associated with an operating room or intensive care ward. The disclosed device is configurable so that the relative occurrence rate of missed detections or false negatives and false positive alarms can be modified. In one exemplary embodiment, the device is adapted such that at most 9% of identifications are false positive identifications, and at most 2% of identifications are false negative identifications.

Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children with Atopic Dermatitis.

Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, inflammatory, pruritic skin disorder that affects up to 20% of the children in Western countries. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported to be more frequent in children with AD. The purpose of this study was to explore the risk for ADHD in our population of patients with AD. A population-based case-control study, using the medical database of Clalit Health Services (CHS), the largest healthcare provider organization in Israel. The study included 840 patients with AD between the age of 0-18 years and 900 age and gender frequency-matched patients without AD. The proportion of ADHD in patients with AD was 7.1% as compared to 4.1% in controls. ADHD was more frequent in boys with AD (9.6% vs. 5.2%, odds ratio (OR) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-3.2) but not in girls with AD (4.6% vs. 2.9% OR 1.5). In multivariate analyses, AD was associated with ADHD (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4). The current study demonstrated an association between AD and ADHD. This report and earlier observations emphasize the need for detection and treatment of ADHD in atopic patients.

Is Gout Associated with Pyoderma Gangrenosum? A Population-Based Case-Control Study.

Abstract: The coexistence of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and gout has been reported in individual patients; however, the association between these conditions has not been investigated. We aimed to assess the association between PG and gout and to examine whether the presence of gout predisposes to the development of PG. A population-based case-control study was conducted comparing PG patients (n = 302) with age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched control subjects (n = 1497) with respect to the presence of preceding gout. Logistic regression models were utilized for univariate and multivariate analyses. The prevalence of preceding gout was greater in patients with PG than in control subjects (3.7% vs. 0.7%, respectively; p < 0.001). Gout was associated with a more than fivefold increase in the risk of PG (OR, 5.15; 95% CI, 2.21-11.98). After adjusting for confounding factors, gout emerged as a significant independent predictor of PG (adjusted OR, 4.08; 95% CI, 1.69-9.80). Gout preceded the diagnosis of PG by a median latency of 4.6 years. Patients with gout-associated PG were older, predominantly male, and had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than other patients with PG. In conclusion, gout increases the risk of developing PG by more than fivefold. Physicians managing patients with gout and PG should be aware of this emerging association.

Rheumatoid arthritis and pyoderma gangrenosum: a population-based case-control study

Abstract: The association between pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was not investigated in the setting of controlled studies. The risk of PG among patients with RA is not established. The study aims to evaluate the magnitude of the association between RA and the subsequent development of PG. Additionally, we aimed to characterize patients with RA-associated PG relative to other patients with PG. A population-based case-control study was conducted comparing PG patients (n = 302) with age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched control subjects (n = 1497) with respect to the presence of RA. Logistic regression models were utilized for univariate and multivariate analyses. The prevalence of RA was greater in patients with PG than in control subjects (4.7% vs. 1.5%, respectively; P < 0.001). More than threefold increase in the odds of PG with RA (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.66–6.50) was noted. This association retained its statistical significance following a sensitivity analysis excluding RA cases diagnosed up to 2 years prior to PG (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.25–5.91) and after adjusting for confounding factors (adjusted OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.23–5.86). RA preceded the diagnosis of PG in the majority of patients by a mean (SD) latency of 9.2 (7.4) years. Patients with RA-associated PG were older relative to the remaining patients with PG (62.2 [15.0] vs. 53.4 [20.9] years, respectively; P = 0.006). RA increases the odds of developing PG by more than threefold. Physicians managing patients with RA should be aware of this increased burden. Patients with RA may be advised to avoid additional precipitating factors of PG.

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Abstract: The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

The Self-Organizing Map

Abstract: An overview of the self-organizing map algorithm, on which the papers in this issue are based, is presented in this article.

The Geometry of Algorithms with Orthogonality Constraints

Abstract: In this paper we develop new Newton and conjugate gradient algorithms on the Grassmann and Stiefel manifolds. These manifolds represent the constraints that arise in such areas as the symmetric eigenvalue problem, nonlinear eigenvalue problems, electronic structures computations, and signal processing. In addition to the new algorithms, we show how the geometrical framework gives penetrating new insights allowing us to create, understand, and compare algorithms. The theory proposed here provides a taxonomy for numerical linear algebra algorithms that provide a top level mathematical view of previously unrelated algorithms. It is our hope that developers of new algorithms and perturbation theories will benefit from the theory, methods, and examples in this paper.

Sarcoidosis

Abstract: 结节病易误诊,据王洪武等~([1])收集国内18篇关于此病误诊的文献,误诊率高达63.2%,当然有误诊就会有误治,如孙永昌等~([2])报道26例结节病在影像学检查诊断的第一印象中拟诊结核5例,其中就有2例完成规范的抗结核治疗,为此应引起临床对本病诊治的重视。

Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an expanding global health problem, closely linked to the epidemic of obesity. Individuals with T2DM are at high risk for both microvascular complications (including retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (such as cardiovascular comorbidities), owing to hyperglycaemia and individual components of the insulin resistance (metabolic) syndrome. Environmental factors (for example, obesity, an unhealthy diet and physical inactivity) and genetic factors contribute to the multiple pathophysiological disturbances that are responsible for impaired glucose homeostasis in T2DM. Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion remain the core defects in T2DM, but at least six other pathophysiological abnormalities contribute to the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. The multiple pathogenetic disturbances present in T2DM dictate that multiple antidiabetic agents, used in combination, will be required to maintain normoglycaemia. The treatment must not only be effective and safe but also improve the quality of life. Several novel medications are in development, but the greatest need is for agents that enhance insulin sensitivity, halt the progressive pancreatic β-cell failure that is characteristic of T2DM and prevent or reverse the microvascular complications. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/V2eGfN.