Arnon D. Cohen

Bio: Arnon D. Cohen is an academic researcher from Clalit Health Services. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Odds ratio. The author has an hindex of 41, co-authored 374 publications receiving 7913 citations. Previous affiliations of Arnon D. Cohen include University of Milan & University of Connecticut.

IDEOM vitiligo work group: an update on our first year

Abstract: The new Vitiligo Work Group of IDEOM was created in October 2021 and met at the annual IDEOM meetings of 2021 and 2022. The mission of the workgroup is to develop core outcome measures in vitiligo that meet three criteria: to meet the needs of stakeholders of all types, to be validated for clinical trials and studies, and to be used in all age groups of patients. The Vitiligo Work Group met November 2021 and June 2022, yielding a list of 10 potential core domains for voting. Voting was conducted at the Annual Meeting of IDEOM on 18 June 2022. Voting members of IDEOM included 23 dermatologists, 1 rheumatologist, 3 dermatologists and rheumatologists, 11 industry partners, 9 patients, 8 patient association representatives and 15 researchers. Core domains meeting 75% consensus threshold included: health-related quality of life (95·35%), extent of depigmentation (93·632%), treatment satisfaction including treatment burden (92·86%), location (83·67%), colour matching (82·69%) and maintenance of pigmentation (76·47%). Two domains met 50% threshold including primary diagnosis/comorbidities (59·62%) and trajectory of disease/stabilization (57·45%) and one domain, itch, failed to reach a consensus (38·46%). Using an approach of inclusion of stakeholders from all walks of life, six core domains reached a consensus for inclusion, two achieved partial consensus but required revision to break down the elements (e.g. primary diagnosis and comorbidities should be separated) and itch failed to achieve inclusion. The group continues to work on its core domains set using a broad range of stakeholders to produce a practical set of domains that are of importance to all stakeholders.

Factors associated with disease-specific life impact in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: results from the Global VOICE project.

Abstract: Patients with hidradenitis suppurativa experience significant life impact related to their disease. Younger age, Black race, high BMI, active smoking, flares, depression, anxiety, high comorbidity burden, disability, and difficult access to a dermatologist adversely influence life impact related to having hidradenitis suppurativa. Attention to these factors, particularly modifiable ones, may reduce overall impact of disease.

The association between hidradenitis suppurativa and male and female infertility: A population-based study.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Endocrine and metabolic associations have been recently reported in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS); however, fertility was only rarely investigated in women and not at all in men. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of HS with male and female infertility. METHODS A cross-sectional, matched controlled, population-based study was designed. The association between HS and male and female infertility was evaluated in patients with HS (n = 4191) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 20 941), while utilising the Clalit Health Services databases, the largest community-based health maintenance organisation in Israel. RESULTS Hidradenitis suppurativa was associated with infertility in males and females over all reproductive-age groups, especially among individuals aged 36-45 years (OR 4.50, 95%CI 2.55-7.93, P < 0.001), and in female patients (OR 3.10, 95%CI 2.57-3.74, P < 0.001). After adjustment for demographic and clinical factors, the association remained significant only in females (OR 1.26 95%CI 1.04-1.55, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with HS are at increased risk of infertility, particularly females and patients in the 36- to 45-year age group. Physicians should take the additional physiological and psychological burden of infertility among HS patients into account, primarily among female patients at procreative age.

Estimation of parameter drift rate for detection and prediction of faults

Abstract: System faults may be detected and predicted via estimation of trajectories of the system dynamic parameters in the parameter space. During normal operation, the parameters exhibit random motion around their nominal values. A drift of one (or more) parameters may indicate a fault. Two algorithms are developed here for the estimation of the parameter drift rate. The performance of the developed algorithms is also evaluated.

Mid-Life Plasmalogens and Other Metabolites with Anti-Inflammatory Properties are Inversely Associated with Long term Cardiovascular Disease Events: Heart SCORE Study

Abstract: Background: Preclinical data have shown that low levels of plasmalogens and other metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties may impact metabolic disease processes. However, the association between mid-life levels of such metabolites and late-life atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is not known. Methods: We characterized the midlife plasma metabolomic profile (1,228 metabolites) of 1,852 participants (age 58.1 +/- 7.5 years, 69.6% female, 43.6% self-identified as Black) enrolled in the Heart Strategies Concentrating on Risk Evaluation (Heart SCORE) study. Participants were followed for ~16 years for incident ASCVD events (nonfatal MI, acute ischemic syndrome, coronary revascularization and ASCVD mortality). We used regression model to assess associations of metabolites with ASCVD events. We assessed the impact of genetic variants using whole-exome sequencing with single-variant analysis for common variants and gene-based burden tests for rare variants. We used unbiased and candidate gene approaches to explore genetic associations with metabolites found to be associated with ASCVD events. Results: A total of twelve metabolites were independently associated with incident ASCVD in fully adjusted models over a mean of 10.4 years. A subset of plasmalogens showed an independent inverse association with incident ASCVD events [1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40-0.74); 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.42-0.78), 1-methylnicotinamide1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.65-0.89)]. Metabolome-wide genetic analysis revealed that two of these plasmalogen metabolites were strongly influenced by polymorphisms of the rs174535, an eQTL for FADS1 and FADS2 genotype. Two amino acid metabolites (2-oxoarginine [OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.25-0.69], alpha-ketobutyrate [OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49-0.80]) and a bilirubin degradation product (C16H18N2O5 [OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.38-0.66) were inversely associated with ASCVD events. Conclusions: Higher mid-life levels of three plasmalogens, two amino acid metabolites, and a bilirubin degradation product, all of which have anti-inflammatory properties, are associated with lower risk of late-life ASCVD events. Further research is needed to determine whether these metabolites play a causal role in ASCVD and may be a target for future therapies.

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Abstract: The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

The Self-Organizing Map

Abstract: An overview of the self-organizing map algorithm, on which the papers in this issue are based, is presented in this article.

The Geometry of Algorithms with Orthogonality Constraints

Abstract: In this paper we develop new Newton and conjugate gradient algorithms on the Grassmann and Stiefel manifolds. These manifolds represent the constraints that arise in such areas as the symmetric eigenvalue problem, nonlinear eigenvalue problems, electronic structures computations, and signal processing. In addition to the new algorithms, we show how the geometrical framework gives penetrating new insights allowing us to create, understand, and compare algorithms. The theory proposed here provides a taxonomy for numerical linear algebra algorithms that provide a top level mathematical view of previously unrelated algorithms. It is our hope that developers of new algorithms and perturbation theories will benefit from the theory, methods, and examples in this paper.

Sarcoidosis

Abstract: 结节病易误诊,据王洪武等~([1])收集国内18篇关于此病误诊的文献,误诊率高达63.2%,当然有误诊就会有误治,如孙永昌等~([2])报道26例结节病在影像学检查诊断的第一印象中拟诊结核5例,其中就有2例完成规范的抗结核治疗,为此应引起临床对本病诊治的重视。

Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an expanding global health problem, closely linked to the epidemic of obesity. Individuals with T2DM are at high risk for both microvascular complications (including retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (such as cardiovascular comorbidities), owing to hyperglycaemia and individual components of the insulin resistance (metabolic) syndrome. Environmental factors (for example, obesity, an unhealthy diet and physical inactivity) and genetic factors contribute to the multiple pathophysiological disturbances that are responsible for impaired glucose homeostasis in T2DM. Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion remain the core defects in T2DM, but at least six other pathophysiological abnormalities contribute to the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. The multiple pathogenetic disturbances present in T2DM dictate that multiple antidiabetic agents, used in combination, will be required to maintain normoglycaemia. The treatment must not only be effective and safe but also improve the quality of life. Several novel medications are in development, but the greatest need is for agents that enhance insulin sensitivity, halt the progressive pancreatic β-cell failure that is characteristic of T2DM and prevent or reverse the microvascular complications. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/V2eGfN.