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Arthur G. Humes

Other affiliations: Boston University
Bio: Arthur G. Humes is an academic researcher from Marine Biological Laboratory. The author has contributed to research in topics: Cyclopoida & Genus. The author has an hindex of 17, co-authored 138 publications receiving 1973 citations. Previous affiliations of Arthur G. Humes include Boston University.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that lactic acid is the best clearing agent for the preparation of temporary mounts of whole or dissected copepods, and that obese forms or specimens with a thin cuticle are best transferred through mixtures of the medium in which they have been kept and Lactic acid.
Abstract: We have found lactic acid to be the best clearing agent for the preparation of temporary mounts of whole or dissected copepods. Fresh, alcoholic, or formalin fixed specimens become cleared within a few minutes to some hours, depending upon their size and the duration of preservation. When first placed in the un diluted acid, the copepods may become somewhat contracted, but soon regain, and thereafter retain, their normal size and shape. In order to avoid rupture, obese forms or specimens with a thin cuticle are best transferred through mixtures of the medium in which they have been kept and lactic acid. Since the latter is dense, layering the fluids in a small dish is usually satisfactory: the original medium will evaporate slowly, leaving the speci mens in the acid. Fluids with appreciable concentrations of dissolved salts, however, should be avoided, preferably by transferring the specimens first either to alcohol or to fresh-water.

448 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Copepods are extremely abundant, not only as free-living species or parasites of fishes, but as associates of invertebrates, especially in the tropical regions of the world.
Abstract: At present there are approximately 11 500 known species of copepods The number of species described during the past 27 years is nearly two-thirds of all those described in the previous 100 years Approximately one-third of marine copepod species are parasites or associates, nearly equally divided between those on fishes and those on invertebrates Individual copepods are extremely abundant, not only as free-living species or parasites of fishes, but as associates of invertebrates, especially in the tropical regions of the world

204 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: In the present work 76 genera are characterized, including 324 species (37 new); previously known species are recorded from 73 new hosts, and selected figures of each genus not represented by new species have been reproduced.
Abstract: Humes, Arthur G., and Jan H. Stock. A Revision of the Family Lichomolgidae Kossmann, 1877, Cyclopoid Copepods Mainly Associated with Marine Invertebrates. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 127, 368 pages, 190 figures, 1973.—The poecilostome family Lichomolgidae has been divided into five families (Humes and Stock, 1972): Sabelliphilidae Gurney, 1927; Lichomolgidae Kossmann, 1877; Urocopiidae Humes and Stock, 1972; Pseudanthessiidae Humes and Stock, 1972; and Rhynchomolgidae Humes and Stock, 1972. These families form the superfamily Lichomolgoidea Humes and Stock, 1972. In the present work 76 genera are characterized, including 324 species (37 new). Previously known species are recorded from 73 new hosts. In addition to illustrations of the new taxa, selected figures of each genus not represented by new species have been reproduced. Keys are provided for the families, genera, and species where possible. For each species the geographical distribution and hosts, where known, are indicated. Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Humes, Arthur Grover, 1916A revision of the family Lichomolgidae Kossmann, 1877. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 127) Bibliography: p. 1. Lichomolgidae. 2. Copepoda. I. Stock, Jan H., joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 127. QL1.S54 no. 127 [QL444.C7] 595'M 75-651 For lale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Priming Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $4-30 (paper cover)

113 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pres de 400 especes de Copepoda vivent en association avec 330 espece de Cnidaria, le plus grand nombre de ces associations se fait avec les Anthozoa plus specialement les Scleractinia.
Abstract: Pres de 400 especes de Copepoda vivent en association avec 330 especes de Cnidaria, le plus grand nombre de ces associations se fait avec les Anthozoa plus specialement les Scleractinia

54 citations

01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: The family Lichomolgidae Kossmann, 1877 is raised to the rank of a superfamily and subdivided into 5 families (3 of them new) and the new genera are diagnosed and of all genera the type-species is indicated.
Abstract: The family Lichomolgidae Kossmann, 1877 is raised to the rank of a superfamily and subdivided into 5 families (3 of them new). Keys are provided to 76 genera belonging to the Lichomolgidoidea (32 new), which embrace 324 species. The new genera are diagnosed and of all genera the type-species is indicated.

44 citations


Cited by
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01 Jan 1944
TL;DR: The only previously known species of Myrsidea from bulbuls, M. warwicki ex Ixos philippinus, is redescribed and sixteen new species are described; they and their type hosts are described.
Abstract: We redescribe the only previously known species of Myrsidea from bulbuls, M. pycnonoti Eichler. Sixteen new species are described; they and their type hosts are: M. phillipsi ex Pycnonotus goiavier goiavier (Scopoli), M. gieferi ex P. goiavier suluensis Mearns, M. kulpai ex P. flavescens Blyth, M. finlaysoni ex P. finlaysoni Strickland, M. kathleenae ex P. cafer (L.), M. warwicki ex Ixos philippinus (J. R. Forster), M. mcclurei ex Microscelis amaurotis (Temminck), M. zeylanici ex P. zeylanicus (Gmelin), M. plumosi ex P. plumosus Blyth, M. eutiloti ex P. eutilotus (Jardine and Selby), M. adamsae ex P. urostictus (Salvadori), M. ochracei ex Criniger ochraceus F. Moore, M. borbonici ex Hypsipetes borbonicus (J. R. Forster), M. johnsoni ex P. atriceps (Temminck), M. palmai ex C. ochraceus, and M. claytoni ex P. eutilotus. A key is provided for the identification of these 17 species.

1,756 citations

Book ChapterDOI
Maria Byrne1
22 Jun 2011
TL;DR: To address questions of future vulnerabilities, data on the thermo- and pH/ pco2 tolerance of fertilization and development in marine invertebrates are reviewed in the context of the change in the oceans that are forecast to occur over the next 100-200 years.
Abstract: Global warming and increased atmospheric co2 are causing the oceans to warm, decrease in pH and become hypercapnic. These stressors have deleterious impacts on marine inver - tebrates. Increasing temperature has a pervasive stimulatory effect on metabolism until lethal levels are reached, whereas hypercapnia has a narcotic effect. ocean acidification is a major threat to cal - cifying larvae because it decreases availability of the carbonate ions required for skeletogenesis and also exerts a direct pH effect on physiology. Marine invertebrate propagules live in a multistressor world and climate change stressors are adding to the mix. ocean pH, pco2 and caco3 covary and will change simultaneously with temperature, challenging our ability to predict future outcomes for marine biota. To address questions of future vulnerabilities, data on the thermo- and pH/ pco2 tolerance of fertilization and development in marine invertebrates are reviewed in the context of the change in the oceans that are forecast to occur over the next 100-200 years. Gametes and fertilization in many invertebrates exhibit a broad tolerance to warming and acidification beyond stressor values projected for 2100. Available data show that all development stages are highly sensitive to warming. larvae may be particularly sensitive to acidification/hypercapnia. Embryos that develop through the bottleneck of mortality due to warming may succumb as larvae to acidification. Early juveniles may be vulnerable to skeletal dissolution, although warming may diminish the negative impact of acidifi - cation on calcification. The effects of climate change stressors and their interaction differ among life history stages and species. Multistressor experiments show that if thermal thresholds are breached, embryos may not reach the calcifying stage. If the bottleneck for species persistence is embryonic thermotolerance, then the question of compromised calicification due to acidification may not be relevant. our limited knowledge of the interactive effects of climate change stressors is a major knowledge gap. Although climate change is deleterious for development in a broad range of marine invertebrates, some species and regional faunas will be more resilient than others. This has implica- tions for persistence, faunal shifts, species invasions and community function in a changing ocean.

707 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The emphasis for future research must shift from pattern description to the elucidation of the processes responsible for the structure and diversity of parasite faunas, and a better integration of ecological and historical approaches to the study of parasite diversity should make this objective possible.
Abstract: Parasitism is one of the most successful modes of life displayed by living organisms, as measured by how often it evolved and how many parasitic species are presently in existence. Studying the diversity of parasites is particularly relevant because sympatric diversification may be important in some parasite taxa, and because of the opportunity for independent tests of evolutionary hypotheses in the many separate lineages in which parasitism evolved. Our incomplete knowledge of existing parasite species--the result of a range of phenomena that includes inadequate sampling effort or the lumping of different cryptic species under one name--is not always a major obstacle for the study of parasite diversity. Patterns in the diversity of parasites may be associated with either host or parasite characteristics. The distribution of parasite diversity among host taxa does not simply reflect the species diversity of the host taxa themselves; life history and ecological traits of hosts appear to play important roles. These may determine the likelihood that hosts are colonized by parasite species over evolutionary time. It is not yet clear whether some host traits also favor intrahost speciation and diversification of parasites, and the formation of new parasite species. Certain features of parasites may also be associated with speciation and diversification. Only parasite body size has received much attention; the patterns observed are not greatly different from those of free-living species, with small-bodied parasite taxa being more speciose than related large-bodied taxa. Epidemiological parameters such as the basic reproductive rate of parasites, or R0, can also generate predictions regarding the distribution or evolution of parasite diversity. For instance, parasite taxa characterized by high R0 values may be more speciose than related taxa with lower values of R0; such predictions remain untested. Large-scale biogeographical patterns of diversity have only been well studied for metazoan parasites of marine fish; for these parasites, latitudinal patterns can be explained by effects of temperature on speciation rates and epidemiological variables, though other causes are possible. The emphasis for future research must shift from pattern description to the elucidation of the processes responsible for the structure and diversity of parasite faunas. A better integration of ecological and historical (or phylogenetic) approaches to the study of parasite diversity should make this objective possible.

565 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed two principles related to the volumetric methods: the direct volume estimation of settled plankton and the measurement of the amount of water displaced by the plankton.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The determination of the total plankton biomass or biovolume is rapid compared with the enumeration and identification techniques. Many samples can be processed in parallel. These measurements are suitable for mixed samples as well as for samples of selected individual species. There is a wide variety of biovolume and biomass measurements. The effort involved in sample treatment increases within the conventional methods and is generally large in biochemical procedures. The methodological bias decreases stepwise: when the amount of excess and interstitial water is reduced by measuring displacement volume or wet mass instead of settled volume, when body fluids are totally removed during dry mass determination, and when the inorganic substances are subtracted. Volumetric methods are the only choice if the samples are to be used for species identification as well. Volumetric methods are also recommended as a quick-look procedure; that is, on board a ship, and in cases where no microbalance or other sophisticated equipment is available. There are two principles related to the volumetric methods: the direct volume estimation of settled plankton and the measurement of the amount of water displaced by the plankton. The first method is more gentle but less precise.

350 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The combination of uses as a whole-animal bioassay and gene expression studies indicate that Tigriopus may serve as an excellent tool to evaluate the impacts of marine pollution throughout the coastal region.

322 citations