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Arunachalam Palavesam

Bio: Arunachalam Palavesam is an academic researcher from Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Penaeus monodon & Protease. The author has an hindex of 21, co-authored 75 publications receiving 1880 citations. Previous affiliations of Arunachalam Palavesam include Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the cellulolytic enzyme-endoglucanase activity against coir fiber, a major biowaste by bacteria such as Cellulomonas, Bacillus and Micrococcus spp. isolated from coir retting effluents of estuarine environment was studied.
Abstract: The cellulolytic enzyme-endoglucanase activity against coir fibre, a major biowaste by bacteria such as Cellulomonas, Bacillus and Micrococcus spp. isolated from coir retting effluents of estuarine environment was studied. The enzyme assay was carried out by using various concentrations (0.5 − 2%) of substrate of coir powder as a carbohydrate in different pH (5–9) and temperature (20–50 °C). The enzyme activity was minimum in 0.5% substrate concentration at lower pH 5 (0.0087, 0.0143 and 0.0071 U/mL) and at 20 °C temperature (0.0151, 0.0154 and 0.0122 U/mL) by the bacterial strains such as Cellulomonas, Bacillus and Micrococcus spp respectively. Then this level was increased and reached maximum at the neutral pH (0.0172, 0.0165 and 0.0121 U/mL) and at 40 °C (0.0336, 0.0196 and 0.0152 U/mL) by the selected bacterial species. Further increase of pH and temperature, the enzyme activity reduced considerably to 0.0083, 0.0143 and 0.0037 U/mL at pH 9 and 0.0154, 0.0197 and 0.0121 U/mL at 50 °C by the tested bacterial strains. The same trend was also obtained in oth er substrate concentrations such as 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 %. With in the four substrate concentrations, the endoglucanase enzyme activity was more in 1.5% concentration at the tested pH and temperatures. From the over all result, it was observed that, among the three bacterial strains, the enzyme activity was more in Cellulomonas sp, followed by Bacillus and Micrococcus spp. in varying pH and temperature.

235 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Six types of antimicrobial compounds extracted using n-butanol from terrestrial plants such as Ricinus communis and Phyllanthus niruri gave better results than the other products and would be highly useful to produce quality, disease-free shrimps with high production.

176 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Lactobacillus plantarum strain was isolated from grass silage that produces a broad spectrum of antifungal compound, active against food and feed-borne filamentous fungi in agar plate assay, and acted as a fungistatic and delayed the growth of a variety of fungal contaminants.
Abstract: The Lactobacillus plantarum strain was isolated from grass silage that produces a broad spectrum of antifungal compound, active against food and feed-borne filamentous fungi in agar plate assay. Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus stolonifer were the most sensitive among molds. No inhibitory activity could be detected against mold Penicillium roqueforti. Enhanced antifungal activity was observed at 30 °C in pH 6.5. Minimum inhibitory concentration values against fungal cultures were ranged from 6.5 to 12.0 mg/ml for commercial 3-phenyllactic acid. The production of antifungal compound phenyllactic acid (PLA), lactic acid, and acetic acid by L. plantarum strain was also investigated. Structure characterization of the antifungal compound was carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. The produced compound (PLA) acted as a fungistatic and delayed the growth of a variety of fungal contaminants.

151 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was concluded that P. monodon fed with fucoidan of S. wightii supplemented diet had enhanced the innate immunity and increased resistance against WSSV infection.

144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The blood plasma chemistry analysis revealed that protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride levels of experimental fish were significantly higher than that of control fish and leucocrit value, phagocytic index and lysozyme activity were enhanced in fish fed the plant extract-supplemented diets.
Abstract: The effects of supplementing diets with acetone extract (1% w/w) from four medicinal plants (Bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon, H(1), beal Aegle marmelos, H(2), winter cherry Withania somnifera, H(3) and ginger Zingiber officinale, H(4)) on growth, the non-specific immune response and ability to resist pathogen infection in tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus were assessed. In addition, the antimicrobial properties of the extract were assessed against Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrioparahaemolyticus, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio campbelli, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damselae. Oreochromis mossambicus were fed 5% of their body mass per day for 45 days, and those fed the experimental diets showed a greater increase in mass (111-139%) over the 45 days compared to those that received the control diet (98%). The specific growth rate of O. mossambicus fed the four diets was also significantly greater (1.66-1.93%) than control (1.52%) diet-fed fish. The blood plasma chemistry analysis revealed that protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride levels of experimental fish were significantly higher than that of control fish. Packed cell volume of the blood samples of experimental diet-fed fish was also significantly higher (34.16-37.95%) than control fish (33.0%). Leucocrit value, phagocytic index and lysozyme activity were enhanced in fish fed the plant extract-supplemented diets. The acetone extract of the plants inhibited growth of Vibrio spp. and P. damselae with extracts from W. somnifera showing maximum growth inhibition. A challenge test with V. vulnificus showed 100% mortality in O. mossambicus fed the control diet by day 15, whereas the fish fed the experimental diets registered only 63-80% mortality at the end of challenge experiment (30 days). The cumulative mortality index for the control group was 12,000, which was equated to 1.0% mortality, and accordingly, the lowest mortality of 0.35% was registered in H(4)-diet-fed group.

143 citations


Cited by
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于立新, 叶桂荣, 徐健, 白喜文, 罗永礼 
22 Dec 1993

1,095 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Probiotics modes of action focusing on how gut microbes influence the host are explored, with a clear understanding of these mechanisms allowing for appropriate probiotic strain selection for specific applications and may uncover novel probiotic functions.
Abstract: Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host when ingested in adequate amounts. The strains most frequently used as probiotics include lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Probiotics have demonstrated significant potential as therapeutic options for a variety of diseases, but the mechanisms responsible for these effects have not been fully elucidated yet. Several important mechanisms underlying the antagonistic effects of probiotics on various microorganisms include the following: modification of the gut microbiota, competitive adherence to the mucosa and epithelium, strengthening of the gut epithelial barrier and modulation of the immune system to convey an advantage to the host. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that probiotics communicate with the host by pattern recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein-like receptors, which modulate key signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-ĸB and mitogen-activated protein kinase, to enhance or suppress activation and influence downstream pathways. This recognition is crucial for eliciting measured antimicrobial responses with minimal inflammatory tissue damage. A clear understanding of these mechanisms will allow for appropriate probiotic strain selection for specific applications and may uncover novel probiotic functions. The goal of this systematic review was to explore probiotic modes of action focusing on how gut microbes influence the host.

836 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most commonly used technologies for the treatment and valorization of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) are composting and anaerobic digestion (AD) as discussed by the authors.

752 citations

01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, a probiotic strain L. acidophilus M92 was examined for autoaggregation ability and cell surface hydrophobicity, which suggests the possible role of cell surface layer (S-layer) proteins, approximated at 45 kDa.
Abstract: The ability of probiotic bacteria to adhere to the intestinal epithelium play an important role in colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, preventing their elimination by peristalsis and providing a competitive advantage in this ecosystem. To identify bacterial traits related to adhesion the probiotic strain L. acidophilus M92 was examined for autoaggregation ability and cell surface hydrophobicity L. acidophilus M92 exhibits a strong autoaggregation phenotype and also coaggregation with some pathogen microorganisms that may form a barrier that prevents their colonization. The examined probiotic strain manifests a good degree of hydrophobicity determined by microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons. Aggregation and hydrophobicity were abolished upon exposure of the cells to pronase, which suggests the possible role of cell surface layer (S-layer) proteins, approximated at 45 kDa, in a L. acidophilus M92. The relationship between autoaggregation and adhesion ability to intestinal tissue was investigated by observing the adhesivity of L. acidophilus M92 to porcine ileal epithelial cells. Removal of the S-layer proteins by extraction with 5 M LiCl reduced autaggregation and in vitro adhesion of this strain.

605 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Herbal compounds such as phenolics, polyphenols, alkaloids, quinones, terpenoids, lectines and polypeptides have been shown to be very effective alternatives to antibiotics and other synthetic compounds.
Abstract: Hormones, antibiotics, vitamins and several other chemicals have been tested in aquaculture operations for various remedies Even though they give positive effects, they cannot be recommended due to their residual and other side effects The alternative herbal bio-medicinal products in the aquacultural operations, that have the characteristics of growth promoting ability and tonic to improve the immune system, act as appetite stimulators They increase consumption, induce maturation, and have antimicrobial capability and also antistress characteristics that will be of immense use in the culture of shrimps and other fin fishes without any environmental and hazardous problems Herbal compounds such as phenolics, polyphenols, alkaloids, quinones, terpenoids, lectines and polypeptides have been shown to be very effective alternatives to antibiotics and other synthetic compounds The present paper is presented after a careful review of more than 50 herbal plants for their biological effects such as growth promotion, immunostimulation, antistress, antibacterial, antifungal, antivirals, appetite stimulators and aphrodisiac

577 citations