Development of 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium chloride cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose films.

The present manuscript deals with the elucidation of the mechanism of genipin binding by primary amines at neutral pH. UV-VIS and CD measurements both in the presence of oxygen and in oxygen-depleted conditions, combined with computational analyses, led to propose a novel mechanism for the formation of genipin derivatives. The indications collected with chiral and achiral primary amines allowed interpreting the genipin binding to a lactose-modified chitosan (CTL or Chitlac), which is soluble at all pH values. Two types of reaction and their kinetics were found in the presence of oxygen: (i) an interchain reticulation, which involves two genipin molecules and two polysaccharide chains, and (ii) a binding of one genipin molecule to the polymer chain without chain-chain reticulation. The latter evolves in additional interchain cross-links, leading to the formation of the well-known blue iridoid-derivatives.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/18/6831/pdf

On the Mechanism of Genipin Binding to Primary Amines in Lactose-Modified Chitosan at Neutral pH

In the past few decades, metal ion hydrogels have made great achievements in various aspects of the biological field. As an ion providing empty orbitals, metal ion was able to...

A Review of Recent Advances in Metal Ion Hydrogels: Mechanism, Properties and Their Biological Applications

In the times of dynamically developing regenerative medicine, more and more attention is focused on the use of natural polymers. This is due to their high biocompatibility and biodegradability without the production of toxic compounds, which means that they do not hurt humans and the natural environment. Chitosan and its derivatives are polymers made most often from the shells of crustaceans and are biodegradable and biocompatible. Some of them have antibacterial or metal-chelating properties. This review article presents the development of biomaterials based on chitosan and its derivatives used in regenerative medicine, such as a dressing or graft of soft tissues or bones. Various examples of preparations based on chitosan and its derivatives in the form of gels, films, and 3D structures and crosslinking products with another polymer are discussed herein. This article summarizes the latest advances in medicine with the use of biomaterials based on chitosan and its derivatives and provides perspectives on future research activities.

/pdf/biomaterials-based-on-chitosan-and-its-derivatives-and-their-2c7ba9xh.pdf

Biomaterials Based on Chitosan and Its Derivatives and Their Potential in Tissue Engineering and Other Biomedical Applications—A Review

Interpenetrating polysaccharide-based hydrogel: A dynamically responsive versatile medium for precisely controlled synthesis of nanometals.

Evidences of Biomimetic and Nonantibiotic Characteristics of the Zinc-Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Genipin Organometallic Complex and Its Biocompatibility Aspects.

The levator scapulae is an important postural muscle that tends to shorten or become tight because of overactivity and bad posture, leading to neck and shoulder pain. Therefore, it is important to measure its length to effectively address dysfunction. The aim of this study was to measure the length of the levator scapulae using the levator scapulae index and examine this tool's inter-rater and test–retest reliability in women with chronic mechanical neck pain. A total of 130 women aged between 18 to 30 years, with a body mass index between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 and experiencing chronic mechanical neck pain, participated in this study. The length of the participants' levator scapulae was measured with a digital Vernier calliper and with the women in a standing position. Measurements were taken twice on the same day in the afternoon, with a 1 hour resting time between trials. The test–retest reliability of the levator scapulae index was measured for each participant. The procedure was repeated by two researchers after a 1-hour interval, and a mean value was obtained. Variability in body height was normalised by using the levator scapulae index (levator scapulae length [cm]/subject's height [cm]×100) Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test was used to establish the test–retest reliability (rho=0.96). Inter-rater reliability was established by intra-class correlation coefficient (rater A: 1.0, rater B: 0.98) with Cronbach's alpha (0.99). The findings demonstrated the excellent reliability of the levator scapulae index for the measurement of levator scapulae length in females with chronic mechanical neck pain. This study helps to establish a reliable method for levator scapulae length measurement, which helps clinicians to plann more efficient treatment protocols for patients with chronic mechanical neck pain.

Establishing the inter-rater and test–retest reliability of the levator scapulae index in women with chronic mechanical neck pain: a reliability study

An innovative and cost effective lower extremity blood circulation enhancer works on the basic principle of whole body vibration. A prototype is designed with the circuitry consisting of five motors connected in parallel. The prototype is designed in the form of a strapped stocking which is to be worn on the legs and the foot. The motors have been positioned in the prototype in such a way that the major muscles of the lower extremity will directly receive the vibration. The prototype is designed using cotton cloth due to the advantages the material offers. After successful testing of the prototype on ten subjects, signals were acquired from the posterior tibial artery of each of them. The output was obtained in the form of graphs using MATLAB. The prototype was designed successfully at a low price using readily available materials. The outcome showed that there was an increase in circulation of blood in the lower extremities. Further, we also observed that human muscles behave like a spring complex. They readily absorb vibration. This can also be seen from the results of the signal processing.

Arushi Hitendra Mishra

Papers

Evidences of Biomimetic and Nonantibiotic Characteristics of the Zinc-Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Genipin Organometallic Complex and Its Biocompatibility Aspects.

Establishing the inter-rater and test–retest reliability of the levator scapulae index in women with chronic mechanical neck pain: a reliability study

An innovative and cost effective lower extremity blood circulation enhancer