Arvind Sivakumar

Bio: Arvind Sivakumar is an academic researcher from VIT University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Dentistry. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 6 publications receiving 136 citations.

Synthesis, Characterization of Some New Five Membered Heterocycles Based on Imidazole Moiety and their Applications on Therapeutics

Abstract: Different imidazole derivatives were prepared by utilizing the intermediate 2-(2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-1- yl)acetohydrazide (3) using microwave irradiation method besides the traditional ones. They were used for synthesis of some new derivatives of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole, pyrazole, 2,5-dimethylpyrrole and nitrogen containing five membered rings. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1 H & 13 C NMR and mass spectral data. The antibacterial, antifungal (MIC) and antioxidant activities were verified for all the synthesized compounds.

Effect of Posterior Bite Raiser on Periodontium of Lower Molars in Orthodontic Patients

Abstract: BACKGROUND Temporary bite opening with occlusal composite is performed routinely during orthodontic treatment of patients with deep bite and cross bite. There have been no studies yet to assess its effect on periodontium. This study was done to assess the effect of temporary bite-raising on periodontium when placed on the mandibular molars. METHODS A prospective clinical trial which was a pilot study conducted on fifteen subjects attending the Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, (SIMATS), Chennai. Probing depth and pain score on percussion were recorded bilaterally on subjects with class 1 malocclusion, before and after placing bite blocks in the posterior teeth. The bite-raising was done using light cured orthodontic composite Blu BiteTM on both mandibular first molars. Probing depth was measured using a Williams probe at mesiobuccal, mid-buccal and distobuccal sites on molars and pain score on percussion was recorded using visual analogue scale. The pocket probing, before (T0) and after one month of temporary bite-raising (T1) was recorded and statistically analysed using paired t test and Wilcoxon sign rank test based on normality of variables. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the mean probing depth after bite raising with a mean difference of 1.07 ± 0.04 (P = 0.000). The mean pain score also significantly increased after temporary bite-raising (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS There were minor yet significant changes in the periodontium that occurred after temporary bite rising with Blu BiteTM. KEY WORDS Composite Resin, Periodontium, Occlusal Force, Orthodontic Adhesive, Visual Analogue Pain Scale

Comprehensive Review in Current Developments of Imidazole‐Based Medicinal Chemistry

Abstract: Imidazole ring is an important five-membered aromatic heterocycle widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The unique structural feature of imidazole ring with desirable electron-rich characteristic is beneficial for imidazole derivatives to readily bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through diverse weak interactions, thereby exhibiting broad bioactivities. The related research and developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous imidazole-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in the clinic to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which have shown the enormous development value. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents, together with their potential applications in diagnostics and pathology. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic imidazole-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.

Photocatalytic Activity Improvement and Application of UV-TiO2 Photocatalysis in Textile Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Abstract: Treatment of textile wastewater using titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysis has been started from the last decade and reached attention to the researchers because of its versatile application. The variety of applications of TiO2 as a photocatalyst has been taken place because of low operating temperature, biologically inert nature, low energy consumption, water insolubility, ease availability and photoactivity, less toxicity, high chemical stability, suitable flat band potential, narrow band gap and environmentally benign. The successful and efficient application of photocatalysis depends on quality of photocatalyst, nature of pollutants, and source of light, which should be in close contact with each other. The TiO2 photocatalyst is used for the effluent treatment of textile wastewater in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Heterogeneous UV-TiO2 photocatalysis is capable to remove organic pollutants from textile wastewater, which has been widely studied and the technology also being commercialized in many developing countries in the world. This review focuses on the mechanism of UV-TiO2 photocatalysis, modification of TiO2 photocatalyst, and application of doping and co-doping in order to improve the photocatalytic activity in wastewater treatment. In addition, the review conveys comprehensive and fundamental assessments of the photocatalytic activity for the removal of organic dyes and phenolic compounds from textile wastewater.

Eco-friendly approach for nanoparticles synthesis and mechanism behind antibacterial activity of silver and anticancer activity of gold nanoparticles

Abstract: This review covers general information about the eco-friendly process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and focuses on mechanism of the antibacterial activity of AgNPs and the anticancer activity of AuNPs. Biomolecules in the plant extract are involved in reduction of metal ions to nanoparticle in a one-step and eco-friendly synthesis process. Natural plant extracts contain wide range of metabolites including carbohydrates, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and enzymes. A variety of plant species and plant parts have been successfully extracted and utilized for AgNP and AuNP syntheses. Green-synthesized nanoparticles eliminate the need for a stabilizing and capping agent and show shape and size-dependent biological activities. Here, we describe some of the plant extracts involved in nanoparticle synthesis, characterization methods, and biological applications. Nanoparticles are important in the field of pharmaceuticals for their strong antibacterial and anticancer activity. Considering the importance and uniqueness of this concept, the synthesis, characterization, and application of AgNPs and AuNPs are discussed in this review.

Biomaterials and Nanotherapeutics for Enhancing Skin Wound Healing.

Abstract: Wound healing is an intricate process that requires complex coordination between many cells and an appropriate extracellular microenvironment Chronic wounds often suffer from high protease activity, persistent infection, excess inflammation, and hypoxia While there has been intense investigation to find new methods to improve cutaneous wound care; the management of chronic wounds, burns, and skin wound infection remain challenging clinical problems Ideally, advanced wound dressings can provide enhanced healing and bridge the gaps in the healing processes that prevent chronic wounds from healing These technologies have great potential for improving outcomes in patients with poorly healing wounds but face significant barriers in addressing the heterogeneity and clinical complexity of chronic or severe wounds Active wound dressings aim to enhance the natural healing process and work to counter many aspects that plague poorly healing wounds including excessive inflammation, ischemia, scarring and wound infection This review paper discusses recent advances in the development of biomaterials and nanoparticle therapeutics to enhance wound healing In particular, this review focuses on the novel cutaneous wound treatments that have undergone significant preclinical development or currently used in clinical practice