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Ashish Singh

Bio: Ashish Singh is an academic researcher from Indian Institute of Technology Bombay. The author has contributed to research in topics: Inequality & Caste. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 54 publications receiving 681 citations. Previous affiliations of Ashish Singh include Indian Institutes of Technology & Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the inequality of educational opportunity in completion of primary (and secondary) schooling among females is more than twice (and nearly twice) that among males, and only 20% of total schooling opportunities needed for universal completion of secondary schooling are available and equitably distributed, a figure substantially lower than that for males (35 per cent).
Abstract: Using data from the ‘Youth in India: Situation and Needs’ survey, this article provides perhaps the first estimates of inequality of opportunity in schooling outcomes for males and females separately for six Indian states. The inequality of educational opportunity in completion of primary (and secondary) schooling among females is more than twice (and nearly twice) that among males. Further, among females, only 20 per cent of total schooling opportunities needed for universal completion of secondary schooling are available and equitably distributed, a figure substantially lower than that for males (35 per cent). We also find stark inter-state variations in gender differential in inequality of educational opportunities.

10 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used two rounds of Indian National Family Health Surveys, and concepts of Inequality of Opportunity and Human Opportunity Indices to measure inequality arising out of unequal access to primary education for Indian children.
Abstract: Every child deserves an opportunity of quality education. If a child's access to education depends on circumstances such as caste, religion, gender, place of birth, or other parental characteristics, then it leads to disparity in access based on circumstances which are beyond the control of a child. This unacceptable disparity (inequality of opportunity) needs to be measured and addressed by policy interventions. Using two rounds of Indian National Family Health Surveys, and concepts of Inequality of Opportunity and Human Opportunity Indices this paper measures inequality arising out of unequal access to primary education for Indian children. The results suggest overall high level of inequality of educational opportunity with substantial geographical variations. Inequality of opportunity in access to primary education reduced during 1992-93 to 2005-06 but the reduction varied considerably across different geographical regions, which calls for regional focus apart from national level policy revisions.

9 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the willingness to pay for price insurance among cotton and paddy farmers in the Indian state of Gujarat was estimated using choice experiments, and the interactions between the demand and the price were identified.
Abstract: Using choice experiments, we estimate the willingness to pay for price insurance among cotton and paddy farmers in the Indian state of Gujarat. We also identify the interactions between the demand ...

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To examine the uses, cost and quality of care of traditional healing for short‐term morbidities and major morbidities in India and to compare them with the non‐traditional healing.
Abstract: Objectives To examine the uses, cost and quality of care of traditional healing for short-term morbidities and major morbidities in India and to compare them with the non-traditional healing. Methods We used data from a nationally representative survey, the India Human Development Survey (2004-2005) and descriptive as well as bivariate analyses for the examination. Results Use of traditional healing is much less common than use of non-traditional healing in both rural and urban areas and across all socio-economic and demographic characteristics; it is slightly more common in rural than urban areas for short-term morbidities. Use of traditional healing is relatively more frequent for cataract (especially in rural areas), leprosy, asthma, polio, paralysis, epilepsy and mental illnesses; its total cost of care and mean waiting time (in the health facility) are substantially lower than for non-traditional healing. Among patients who use both traditional and non-traditional healing, a relatively higher proportion use traditional healing complemented by non-traditional healing for short-term illnesses, but vice versa for major morbidities. Conclusion This is the first study which has investigated at the national level the uses, complementarities, cost and quality aspects of traditional and non-traditional healing in India. Traditional healing is more affordable and pro-poor. Relatively higher use of traditional healing in patients from poorly educated as well as poor households and suffering from diseases, such as, epilepsy and mental illnesses; and higher demand for traditional healing for the above diseases highlight the need for research/policy reorientation in India. Objectifs Examiner le cout et la qualite des soins de la guerison traditionnelle pour les morbidites mineures et majeures en Inde et les comparer avec la guerison non-traditionnelle. Methodes Nous avons utilise les donnees d'une enquete representative nationale, l'Enquete Indienne sur le Developpement Humain et des analyses descriptives et bivariees pour l'examen. Resultats et conclusions L'utilisation de la medecine traditionnelle est beaucoup moins frequente que celle de la guerison non traditionnelle a la fois dans les zones rurales et urbaines et a travers toutes les caracteristiques socioeconomiques et demographiques; elle est legerement plus frequente dans les regions rurales que dans les zones urbaines pour les morbidites mineures. L'utilisation de la medecine traditionnelle est relativement plus frequente pour la cataracte (en particulier dans les zones rurales), la lepre, l'asthme, la poliomyelite, la paralysie, l’epilepsie et les maladies mentales; son cout total pour les soins et la duree moyenne d'attente sont sensiblement plus faibles que pour la guerison non traditionnelle. Parmi les patients qui utilisent les deux methodes, une proportion relativement plus elevee utilise la guerison traditionnelle complementee par la guerison non traditionnelle pour les maladies mineures, mais l'inverse pour les morbidites majeures. Objetivos Examinar el coste y la calidad de los cuidados ofrecidos por la medicina tradicional para morbilidades de corta duracion y morbilidades graves en la India, y compararlas con las de practicas no tradicionales. Metodos Hemos utilizado datos de una encuesta nacional representativa, la India Human Development Survey y se han realizado analisis descriptivos y bivariados para el estudio. Resultados y conclusiones El uso de la medicina tradicional es mucho menos comun que el uso de practicas no tradicionales, tanto en areas rurales como urbanas, y a lo largo de todos los estratos socioeconomicos y caracteristicas demograficas. Es un poco mas comun en areas rurales que en areas urbanas en lo que respecta a las morbilidades de corta duracion. El uso de la medicina tradicional es relativamente mas frecuente para las cataratas (especialmente en areas rurales), lepra, asma, polio, paralisis, epilepsia y enfermedades mentales; los costes totales de los cuidados y el tiempo medio de espera eran sustancialmente menores que para practicas no tradicionales. Entre los pacientes que usaban ambos, una proporcion relativamente mayor utilizaba la medicina tradicional complementada con practicas no tradicionales para enfermedades de corta duracion, y al contrario para morbilidades mayores.

8 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the relationship between net farm income per unit of land cultivated and caste divisions in India using a micro unit recorded and nationally representative survey conducted in 2004-05.
Abstract: This paper analyses the relationship between net farm income per unit of land cultivated and caste divisions in India using a micro unit recorded and nationally representative survey conducted in 2004-05. Findings suggest that the groups that are generally considered disadvantaged (Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes) have, after controlling for other factors, substantially lower farm returns compared to the advantaged (Others) castes, whereas the ‘Other Backward Castes’ occupy position in between. Decomposition of overall net farm income inequality using mean-log deviation indicates that caste based inequality forms a substantial part of it. Results call for policies for neutralizing the impact of caste on agricultural returns in addition to the general policy of land redistribution.

8 citations


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01 Jun 2009
TL;DR: The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) as mentioned in this paper was originally created to provide relief for children in countries devastated by the destruction of World War II, and in 1965, it was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for its humanitarian efforts.
Abstract: The United Nations Children's Fund, or UNICEF, was originally created to provide relief for children in countries devastated by the destruction of World War II. After 1950, UNICEF turned to focus on general programs for the improvement of children's welfare worldwide, and in 1965, it was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for its humanitarian efforts. The organization concentrates on areas in which relatively small expenditures can have a significant impact on the lives of the most disadvantaged children in developing countries, such as the prevention and treatment of disease, child healthcare, malnutrition, illiteracy, and other welfare services.

1,156 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Throughout this article, the reader will notice combinations of superscripted letters and numbers (eg, “Peripartum SuctioningNRP-011A, NRP-012A”).
Abstract: Note From the Writing Group: Throughout this article, the reader will notice combinations of superscripted letters and numbers (eg, “Peripartum SuctioningNRP-011A, NRP-012A”). These callouts are hyperlinked to evidence-basedworksheets, whichwere used in the development of this article. An appendix of worksheets, applicable to this article, is located at the end of the text. The worksheets are available in PDF format and are open access.

728 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The following guidelines are a summary of the evidence presented in the 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmo nary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR).
Abstract: The following guidelines are a summary of the evidence presented in the 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmo nary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR).1,2 Throughout the online version of this publication, live links are provided so the reader can connect directly to systematic reviews on the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) Scientific Evidence Evaluation and Review System (SEERS) website. These links are indicated by a combination of letters and numbers (eg, NRP 787). We encourage readers to use the links and review the evidence and appendices. These guidelines apply primarily to newly born infants transitioning from intrauterine to extrauterine life. The recommendations are also applicable to neonates who have completed newborn transition and require resuscitation during the first weeks after birth.3 Practitioners who resuscitate infants at birth or at any time during the initial hospitalization should consider following these guidelines. For purposes of these guidelines, the terms newborn and neonate apply to any infant during the initial hospitalization. The term newly born applies specifically to an infant at the time of birth.3 Immediately after birth, infants who are breathing and crying may undergo delayed cord clamping (see Umbilical Cord Management section). However, until more evidence is available, infants who are not breathing or crying should have the cord clamped (unless part of a delayed cord clamping research protocol), so that resuscitation measures can commence promptly. Approximately 10% of newborns require some assistance to begin breathing at birth. Less than 1% require extensive resuscitation measures,4 such as cardiac compressions and medications. Although most newly born infants successfully transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life without special help, because of the large total number of births, a significant number will require some degree of resuscitation.3 Newly born infants who do not …

622 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The vast majority of newborn infants do not require intervention to make these transitional changes, but the large number of births worldwide means that many infants require some assistance to achieve cardiorespiratory stability each year.
Abstract: ### Newborn Transition The transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life that occurs at the time of birth requires timely anatomic and physiologic adjustments to achieve the conversion from placental gas exchange to pulmonary respiration. This transition is brought about by initiation of air breathing and cessation of the placental circulation. Air breathing initiates marked relaxation of pulmonary vascular resistance, with considerable increase in pulmonary blood flow and increased return of now-well-oxygenated blood to the left atrium and left ventricle, as well as increased left ventricular output. Removal of the low-resistance placental circuit will increase systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure and reduce right-to-left shunting across the ductus arteriosus. The systemic organs must equally and quickly adjust to the dramatic increase in blood pressure and oxygen exposure. Similarly, intrauterine thermostability must be replaced by neonatal thermoregulation with its inherent increase in oxygen consumption. Approximately 85% of babies born at term will initiate spontaneous respirations within 10 to 30 seconds of birth, an additional 10% will respond during drying and stimulation, approximately 3% will initiate respirations after positive-pressure ventilation (PPV), 2% will be intubated to support respiratory function, and 0.1% will require chest compressions and/or epinephrine to achieve this transition.1–3 Although the vast majority of newborn infants do not require intervention to make these transitional changes, the large number of births worldwide means that many infants require some assistance to achieve cardiorespiratory stability each year. Newly born infants who are breathing or crying and have good tone immediately after birth must be dried and kept warm so as to avoid hypothermia. These actions can be provided with the baby lying on the mother’s chest and should not require separation of mother and baby. This does not preclude the need for clinical assessment of the baby. …

612 citations