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Ashok K. Singh

Bio: Ashok K. Singh is an academic researcher from Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Docking (molecular) & Oxidative stress. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 41 publications receiving 424 citations.

Papers
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TL;DR: SA1 and SA2 might be potential antidiabetic lead compounds for future drug development after it was suggested that both compounds reduced blood glucose level, restored body weight, and normalized lipid concentrations in the serum and oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver and pancreas.

61 citations

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TL;DR: This short review is consequently an endeavor to highlight the preliminary ideas over this structural class and to draw the medical attention towards future development of indole-fused azepines and analogues for their promising function in cancer drug discovery.

58 citations

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TL;DR: The molecular mechanisms underlying the action of BA and future directions to apply mathematical modeling technique to better understand the precise mechanism of BA‐induced apoptosis are summed up.

45 citations

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TL;DR: The prepared BNP showed a better therapeutic response against HCC and could be attributed as future candidate molecule for HCC treatment.
Abstract: Purpose The application of betulinic acid (B), a potent antineoplastic agent, is limited due to poor bioavailability, short plasma half-life and inappropriate tissue distribution. Thus, we aimed to prepare novel 50:50 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-loaded B nanoparticles (BNP) and to compare its anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) activity with parent B. Methods BNP were synthesized and characterized using different methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and particle size analyses. Particle size of BNP was optimized through the application of the stabilizer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The anti-HCC response was evaluated through in vitro cell line study using Hep-G2 cells, confocal microscopy, in vivo oral pharmacokinetics and animal studies. Further, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was conducted to observe the changes in the expression of specific genes. Results Particle size of BNP was optimized through the application of the stabilizer, polyvinyl alcohol. Physicochemical characterization exhibited particle size of 257.1 nm with zeta potential -0.170 mV (optimized batch B, BNP). SEM and FTIR analyses of BNP showed that cylindrical particles of B converted to spherical particles in BNP and there were no interaction between B and used polymers. The release study of optimized BNP was highest (≥80%) than any other formulation. Later, in vitro cell culture analysis using Hep-G2 cells and confocal microscopy studies revealed that BNP had the highest inhibition and penetration properties than parent B. Oral pharmacokinetics studies using albino Wistar rats at single 100 mg dose again exhibited BNP had the higher 50% of plasma concentration (t1/2), a higher maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and took longer to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) than parent B. Next, our in vivo study using nitrosodiethyl amine (NDEA)-induced HCC model documented BNP decreased in number of nodules, restored body weight, oxidative stress parameters, liver marker enzymes and histological architecture than parent B. Lastly, qRT-PCR studies further demonstrated that anti-HCC properties of BNP may be due to over expression of antiapoptotic caspases i.e., caspase 3 and 8. Conclusion The prepared BNP showed a better therapeutic response against HCC and could be attributed as future candidate molecule for HCC treatment.

36 citations

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TL;DR: Three sterols possessed antidiabetic, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic activities in STZ induced diabetic rats, which supported the use of FR as a supplement for future drug design perspectives.
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and toxic effects of isolated sterols from Ficus racemosa (FR) leaves using streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (50 mg kg−1) intraperitoneally to albino rats. Three sterols were administered once a day for a period of seven days at a dose of 100 mg kg−1 body weight. Blood glucose and body weight changes were measured at different (1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th) days of the experiment. Serum lipid profiles and hepatic biomarker enzymes levels were measured and various antioxidant parameters in the liver and pancreas were also determined at the end of the experiment. Our results collectively suggested that the oral administration of sterols significantly reduced blood glucose level and restored body weight. Sterols also reduced serum lipid parameters and improved HDL (high density lipoprotein) as compared to a diabetic control group, signifying hypolipidemic action. They increased glutathione and various enzyme levels in the pancreas at the same time. Various oxidative stress parameters in the liver were decreased after sterols administration with respect to the diabetic control rats. Three sterols possessed antidiabetic, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic activities in STZ induced diabetic rats, which supported the use of FR as a supplement for future drug design perspectives.

29 citations


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08 Dec 2001-BMJ
TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

33,785 citations

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TL;DR: The survival and well-being of all species requires appropriate physiological responses to environmental and homeostatic challenges, so that the respective contributions of the neuroendocrine and autonomic systems are tuned in accordance with stressor modality and intensity.
Abstract: The survival and well-being of all species requires appropriate physiological responses to environmental and homeostatic challenges. The re-establishment and maintenance of homeostasis entails the coordinated activation and control of neuroendocrine and autonomic stress systems. These collective stress responses are mediated by largely overlapping circuits in the limbic forebrain, the hypothalamus and the brainstem, so that the respective contributions of the neuroendocrine and autonomic systems are tuned in accordance with stressor modality and intensity. Limbic regions that are responsible for regulating stress responses intersect with circuits that are responsible for memory and reward, providing a means to tailor the stress response with respect to prior experience and anticipated outcomes.

2,592 citations

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TL;DR: This volume, more than most, explains the contributions of the laboratory to clinical medicine, and shedding light on fundamental metabolic sequences and biologic mechanisms.
Abstract: This book is one of our contemporary medical bibles. It needs no introduction; those who have frequent need of it know it very well, and those who use it less often seek it out on the library shelf when problems arise. The book is truly encyclopedic. Everything relevant discovered during the six-year intervals between publication finds its way into these pages. By today's standards, its 1,778 closely packed small-print pages are a bargain. The mutant gene is both hero and villain in this book. It is reponsible for the biochemical abnormality that results in disease, no matter how rare a given abnormality may be. By the same token, however, it is truly an experiment of nature, shedding light on fundamental metabolic sequences and biologic mechanisms. This volume, more than most, explains the contributions of the laboratory to clinical medicine. Each chapter seems to have been rewritten, so that the exciting

1,117 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: A defect in an enzyme called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase causes red blood cells to break down prematurely, which results in the destruction ofRed blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body.
Abstract: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic disorder that occurs almost exclusively in males. This condition mainly affects red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. In affected individuals, a defect in an enzyme called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase causes red blood cells to break down prematurely. This destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis.

1,006 citations