Nano fertilizers are essential resources in agriculture in order to increase crop production, quality, productivity, and boost nutrient uptake. Nano-fertilizer is efficient for specific use of nutrients at appropriate time of plant growth and can provide nutrients as a whole with the crop. Growing crops with heavier fertilizer concentrations further increases may be limiting to crop growth due to nutrient toxicity. Nano-fertilizers provide more area for photosynthesis, leading to more sunlight absorption and greater yields of the crop. It will help plants survive challenging environmental factors such as drought. Limitations in agricultural land and water supplies can improve production land and water use productivity through the use of new technologies. Nanotechnology has the potential of transforming both personal use and development. Nanostructured formulations may also be developed in order to deliver active ingredients in response to environmental cues and biological demands more properly. The principle of fertilizer use is known to use less resource and to be free from chemical side effects. Nanotechnology has enormous potential to contribute significantly to sustainable agricultural production, particularly in developing countries.

Intelligent, Nano-fertilizers: A New Technology for Improvement Nutrient Use Efficiency (Article Review)

In order to assess the response of rice (cv. Anber 33) to silica fertilization and spraying with nano-potassium and calcium in some indicators of growth and yield of the plant, a field study was conducted in Al-Talea’a Township (district of 41-Al-Husseiniyah, south of Hilla City) / Babylon Governorate / Iraq for the period from 15/6/2020 until 19/11/2020. The experiment was carried out according to the split-plot design, and the parameters were distributed according to the arrangement of Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD), where the levels of silica fertilizer were the main plot and the concentrations of the nano fertilizers were the subplot. The number of treatments became 16 treatment, with three replications per treatment. The first factor represented by silica fertilizer consisted of four levels: 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha−1, while the second factor represented by spraying nano fertilizers consisted of four treatments: control, nano-K, nano-Ca, nano-(K + Ca). Results showed that fertilizing by silica at a level of 300 kg ha−1 recorded the highest means of chlorophyll content (39.59 SPAD), plant height (143.67 cm), weight of 1000 grains (21.04 g), grains yield (5.76 Mg ha−1), and harvest index (30.96 %). Also, the spraying by nano (K + Ca) achieved the highest means of chlorophyll content (39.71 SPAD), plant height (142.84 cm), weight of 1000 grains (20.92 g), grains yield (5.52 Mg ha−1), biological yield (99.18 Mg ha−1), and harvest index (29.04 %). The interaction between fertilization with silica and spraying by nano (K + Ca) achieved the highest means of growth and yield indicators for rice plants when treated with silica (300 kg ha−1) and spraying by nano (K + Ca), it’s reached the chlorophyll content (41.17 SPAD) and plant height (146.60 cm), weight of 1000 grains (21.40 g), grain yield (6.14 Mg ha−1), biological yield (19.20 Mg ha−1), and harvest index (32.00%) against the lowest means of growth and yield indicators recorded in control plants, it’s reached the chlorophyll content (36.87 SPAD), plant height (133.19 cm), weight of 1000 grains (19.70 g), grains yield (4.25 Mg ha−1), biological yield (16.87 Mg ha−1) and harvest index (25.19%).

Response of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Silica Fertilization and Spraying with Nano-Potassium and Calcium

This study investigated to evaluate the effect of Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Trichoderma harzianum and Tri-calcium phosphate on sprouted barley grains under hydroponic culture conditions. The results showed that increase of a total weight of sprouted barley grains in treatments of A. chroococcum 257.3 g, Tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) 255.6 g and A. brasilense 254.3 g, whereas T. harzianum + TCP, A. brasilense + TCP and TCP recorded highest height of sprouted barley 25.8, 25.7 and 25.6 cm respectively, the protein ratio in the roots of sprouted barley was increased in A. chroococcum 19.8% followed by T. harzianum 18.4%, while the protein ratio in the vegetative portion was increased in T. harzianum + TCP, A. brasilense + TCP, A. chroococcum and A. chroococcum + TCP which reached 36.4, 32.7, 32.5 and 31.0 % respectively.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/735/1/012056/pdf

Influence of Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Trichoderma harzianum and Tri-calcium phosphate on hydroponically-grown barley grains

Coronary heart disease is a narrowing of coronary artery due to plaque build-up. [1] Chronic periodontitis increases risk of cardiovascular disease. P.gingivalis is linked to both diseases. Objective: to analyse quantitative difference of P.gingivalis on dental plaque and its relationship with periodontal status of CHD patient and control. Methods: Periodontal status of 66 CHD patient and 40 control was checked. Subgingival plaque was isolated and P.gingivalis was measured using real-time PCR. Result: P.gingivalis of CHD patient differs from control. P.gingivalis is linked to pocket depth of CHD patient. Conclusion: P.gingivalis count of CHD patient is higher than control. P.gingivalis count is not linked to any periodontal status, except for pocket depth of CHD patient.

Relationship between quantitative measurement of Porphyromonas gingivalis on dental plaque with periodontal status of patients with coronary heart disease

In order to study the effect of foliar application of nano-NPK, nano-micronutrients, and nano-amino acids on the growth and yield of maize (Hybrid F1 Furat), a field experiment was carried out during the autumn season (2019) with an area of 1500 m2g within the district of (41)–Al-Husseiniyah / Al-Talea’a district / Babylon Governorate according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for two factors with three replicates. The first factor (nano-NPK) included three treatments: control, nano-NPK (20-20-20), and nano-NPK (12-12-36), while the second factor (nano-micronutrients and nano-amino acids) included four treatments: control, nano-micronutrients, nano-amino acids, nano-micronutrients + nano-amino acids. The studied indicators on maize plant included estimation of nutrient absorption in grains and total absorption (kg H-1), estimation of fertilizer application efficiency (%). The results showed the significant superiority of NPK (12-12-36) spraying in achieving the highest averages of the studied indicators by an increase of (61.53%) in comparison with the comparison treatment for the total absorbed potassium, and an increase of iron and copper absorbed in the grains reached (3.938% and 22.321%), respectively, in comparison with the comparison treatment. And the application of the integrated nano-element fertilizer + nano amino acids achieved The highest averages of iron, manganese and copper absorbed in grains increased by (39.010%, 28.409%, 60.577%), respectively, comparing with the comparison treatment. and the interaction of the two study factors gave the combination of nano NPK (20-20-20) with integrated nano micro elements + nano amino acids the highest averages of nitrogen and phosphorus total absorption and for iron, manganese and copper with an increase of (110.06%, 81.83%, 64.251%)., 74.065%, 109.375%), respectively, by comparison with the comparison treatment. The highest nitrogen and phosphorous utilization efficiency was recorded at 55.12 and 36.65%, respectively, in comparison with high-potassium nano NPK, which corresponds to the combination of high-potassium NPK nano with nano (trace elements + amino acids) in recording the highest potassium utilization efficiency of 58.51% in comparison with the balanced nano NPK.

Effect of Foliar Application of Nano Nutrients and Amino Acids as a Complementary Nutrition on Quantity and Quality of Maize Grains

Submission Track Abstract A new method developed for in-vitro susceptibility test in medical laboratories consist of micro tubes or gloves containing dehydrated tryptic soya broth, 5% glucose, 0.1% bromothymol blue and one type of antibiotics (ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol) with critical concentration MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) for susceptibility. Standard quality control strains of bacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) suspension were adjusted to 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard (1 × 10 6 cell/mL) were used in inoculation the media and incubated two hours at 37 °C. The MIC of ampicillin against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa were 4, 32, and 256 μg/mL of the media for the bacteria respectively, while the MIC of tetracycline against bacteria were 512, 512 and 32 μg/mL respectively, the MIC of chloramphenicol were 512, 32 and 512 μg/mL, respectively. Where, the resistant bacteria to the antibiotics could grow and ferment glucose sugar producing a color change of the media from blue to yellow, while the sensitive bacteria do not grow or show no change in color. Our study result compared with common used antibiotic disk method obtaining similar results. This developed method characterized by fast (only two hours) and less cost in comparison to conventional technique. The new micro tube strip is highly stable (more than one year) with more sensitive in detection of variable pathogenic bacteria including standard bacteria strains compared with conventional technique. Received : 2/4/2017 Final Revision : 3/5/2017

/pdf/development-of-in-vitro-sensitivity-testing-for-pathogenic-1x7v3wzql4.pdf

Development of in-vitro Sensitivity Testing for Pathogenic Bacteria

Background and objective: Chronic periodontitis is the destruction of the tooth supporting structures as a result of a complex interaction between bacteria colonizing the gingival crevice and host’s immune responses. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the main periodontopathogens with multiple virulence factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the detection rate of Porphyromonas gingivalis in chronic periodontitis patients versus healthy subjects using PCR assay, and its association with increased pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. 
Methods: Seventy subjects (35 patients with chronic periodontitis and 35 healthy subjects) meeting the inclusion criteria of this study were selected. All the subjects were clinically assessed for probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss then subgingival microbial samples were collected using sterile paper points and analyzed for the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis using polymerase chain reaction assay.  
Results: A significant difference in Porphyromonas gingivalis detection rate between chronic periodontitis and healthy groups was recorded. Porphyromonas gingivalis was significantly associated with deep pockets. The detection rate increased with the increase in the severity of the disease, although, this correlation was not statistically significant. 
Conclusion: A positive association was observed between Porphyromonas gingivalis and increased pocket depth. The recovery rate was higher in severe cases.

https://zjms.hmu.edu.krd/index.php/zjms/article/download/215/186

The impact of the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis on periodontal health in a group of patients with periodontitis in Erbil

Background and objective: It is well known that oral candidiasis increase in many situations, like obesity, debility, leukemia, viral infection, use of certain drugs in addition to diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Candida albicans in the oral cavity of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects and to identify factors predisposing to colonization in the diabetic patient. The variables evaluated include absolute white blood cell counts and differentials, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, serum glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine and duration of diabetes.
Methods: One hundred subjects of type II diabetes mellitus and one hundred non-diabetic subjects (control) were studied for isolation of Candida albicans from oral cavity. Further investigations for diabetic group were done regarding serum glucose, HbA1c, and total and differential white blood cell counts.
Results: This study showed 56 (56%) out of 100 diabetic subjects and 30 (30%) out of 100 in non-diabetic subjects were found to carry Candida in their oral cavity. In the diabetic group, no relationship was found to total or differential white blood cell count, recent use of antibiotics, serum glucose and HbA1c values. A significant relationship was found in diabetic patients who had chronic renal disease.
Conclusion: Colonization of Candida albicans in the oral cavity was found to be higher in diabetic subjects than in non-diabetic. However, glycaemic control in diabetes, total and differential white blood cells were found to bear no relation with carriage of Candida in the oral cavity.

https://zjms.hmu.edu.krd/index.php/zjms/article/download/320/285

Isolation of Candida albicans from oral cavity of type II diabetic subjects and its relationship to total and differential white blood cell count

The effects of a dipolar static magnetic field of strength 400, 800, 1200 and 1600 Gauss were prepared locally, on the ultra-structure of E. coli type 1 bacterium cells have been studied. Equal volumes of liquid culture media were exposed to the magnetic field for different periods, the three most effective periods, namely: 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs were chosen for all our experimental studies. After API kit test of treated E. coli culture media as control group. Results indicated that exposure of the microorganisms to the demonstrated magnetic field caused pronounced changes in the Arginine dihydrolase (ADH), Citrate utilization (CIT) and Gelatinase (GEL) were observed on the cell growth. Besides, changes in the morphology of the E. coli colonies were observed after exposure period and subculture on MacConkey agar. Furthermore, the bacterial growth subculture tested for morphological and biological activity, the results suggested that a mutation occurred in bacterial cells.

https://magrj.mosuljournals.com/article_161390_f3a77e8a97a9a63545f1bfee29e0445b.pdf

Ashti Mohammad Amin

Papers

Development of in-vitro Sensitivity Testing for Pathogenic Bacteria

The impact of the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis on periodontal health in a group of patients with periodontitis in Erbil

Isolation of Candida albicans from oral cavity of type II diabetic subjects and its relationship to total and differential white blood cell count

EFFECTS OF STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD ON Escherichia coli MUTATION