Ashwani Kumar

Bio: Ashwani Kumar is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: AC power & Electricity market. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 10 citations.

Reactive Power and FACTS Cost Models’ Impact on Nodal Pricing in Hybrid Electricity Markets

Abstract: In a competitive environment reactive power management is an essential service provided by independent system operator taking into account the voltage security and transmission losses. The system operator adopts a transparent and non-dis-criminatory procedure to procure the reactive power supply for optimal deployment in the system. Since generators’ are the main source of reactive power generation and the cost of the reactive power should be considered for their noticeable impact on both real and reactive power marginal prices. In this paper, a method based on marginal cost theory is presented for locational marginal prices calculation for real and reactive power considering different reactive power cost models of generators’ reactive support. With the presence of FACTS controllers in the system for more flexible operation, their impact on nodal prices can not be ignored for wheeling cost determination and has also to be considered taking their cost function into account. The results have been obtained for hybrid electricity market model and results have also been computed for pool model for comparison. Mixed Integer Non-linear programming (MINLP) approach has been formulated for solving the complex problem with MATLAB and GAMS interfacing. The proposed approach has been tested on IEEE 24-bus Reliability Test System (RTS).

A comprehensive survey on reactive power ancillary service markets

Abstract: Modern power system is moving towards a smart and competitive grid, with competing generating companies, power retailers, and strategically behaving consumers playing a crucial role in the daily operation of the system Independent System Operator (ISO) monitors these daily operations and procure required services through market operations Active and reactive power pricing in real-time at the wholesale and retail level is considered an efficient energy management method However, procurement of reactive power through a market mechanism in real-time is not being implemented, despite its crucial role in maintaining system parameters within the permissible limits This paper attempts to detail the challenges faced in implementing such reactive power markets and presents a review of existing reactive power market mechanisms to address these challenges A framework suitable for reactive power ancillary service in a smart grid is also detailed in this paper

Reactive power pricing in power markets: a comprehensive review

Abstract: Reactive power is one of the main characteristics that play a major role in power systems. When reactive flow is inadequate, the power system is confronted with voltage collapse and more than enoug...

Reactive power pricing using cloud service considering wind energy

Abstract: This paper proposes a transparent and reliable method between the suppliers and consumers for optimal reactive power pricing. The electric power suppliers compute the optimal reactive power using optimal reactive power dispatch problem by considering nodal voltage stability index ‘I’ as one of the constraints. The computed optimal reactive power of the generator is included in the reactive power pricing. The pricing method to the suppliers based on the opportunity cost method is presented and a detailed analysis using 62 bus Indian utility system has been carried out by considering diverse cases. In this proposed pricing method, the services of the cloud technology have been used to provide transparent pricing based on the demands of the consumers. The power demands at the consumers’ site is calculated without the human involvement using the Internet of Things and the same is uploaded in the cloud. In reactive power pricing, the system operator acts as a mediator between the suppliers and consumers. Based on the demand and availability of power, the system operator provides the cost for the service to the consumer through cloud.

Power Flow Tracing Based Reactive Power Ancillary Service (AS) in Restructured Power Market

Abstract: Ancillary services are support services which are essential for humanizing and enhancing the reliability and security of the electric power system. Reactive power ancillary service is one of the important ancillary services in a restructured electricity market which determines the cost of supplying ancillary services and finding of how this cost would change with respect to operating decisions. This paper presents a new formation that can be used to minimize the Independent System Operator (ISO)’s total payment for reactive power ancillary service. The modified power flow tracing algorithm estimates the availability of reserve reactive power for ancillary service. In order to find optimum reactive power dispatch, Biogeography based optimization method (BPO) is proposed. Market Reactive Clearing Price (MRCP) is then estimated and it encourages generator companies (GENCOs) to participate in an ancillary service. Finally, optimal weighting factor and real time utilization factor of reactive power give the minimum ISO’s total payment. The effectiveness of proposed design is verified using IEEE 30 bus system. Keywords—Biogeography based optimization method, Power flow tracing method, Reactive generation capability curve and Reactive power ancillary service.

Reactive Power Optimization and Pricing in Regulated and Deregulated Power System using Differential Evolution

Abstract: In power system, minimization of losses and maintenance of system voltage within the operating limits plays important roles for efficient operation. The voltage and reactive power flows are coupled together and hence the reactive power is helpful to maintain the system voltage. Therefore issues such as voltage instability, loss minimization, reactive power dispatch and reactive power pricing have attracted the attention of the researchers and engineers. In this research work, the pricing model is performed for reactive power with aim of minimizing the loss and voltage deviation and thereby to provide secure electricity to consumer and profit for suppliers. Hence, in power system operation, it is necessary to supply stable, continuous and instantaneous power to the consumer. The reactive power optimization is important for efficient planning and operation of power. Determining the optimal reactive power dispatch and pricing are the challenging factors in the power market. The Differential Evolution is applied to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch problem. In this work, a new and novel variant optimization algorithm called SelfBalanced Differential Evolution is also used to solve the optimal reactive power dispatch problem which has multi variable characteristics with constraints and the results are compared with the solution obtained using Differential Evolution. The proposed approach is applied in 62 bus Indian utility system for the performance analysis. The optimal control variables and generator reactive power is obtained in 62 bus Indian utility system. The generator reactive power is priced using opportunity cost method. The assessment on pricing of reactive power considers different objective functions which are found in 62 bus Indian utility system.