Aslak Fyhri

Bio: Aslak Fyhri is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Poison control & Cycling. The author has an hindex of 22, co-authored 42 publications receiving 1867 citations.

Effects of e-bikes on bicycle use and mode share

Abstract: In Norway, as in many countries, a political goal is to increase bicycle use, and the e-bike is promising in this respect However, concerns have been raised about mode-share effects It has been argued that if the e-bike’s only function is in cycling becoming cycling with electric assistance, there would be no benefit to either the environment or public health Little is yet known about the use of the e-bike, or of its potential in reducing motorized travel In the current study, 66 randomly selected participants were given an e-bike to use for a limited period of time and the results compared with those of a control group (N = 160) E-bike cycling trips increased from 09 to 14 per day, distance from 48 km to 103 km and, as a share of all transport, from 28% to 48%, whereas with the control group there was no increase in cycling The effect of the e-bike increased with time, indicating a learning effect among users, and was greater for female than for male cyclists There were no differences with age Overall, the results suggest that the e-bike is indeed practical for everyday travel

Using Multivariate Statistics

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A synthesis of two decades of research documenting the effects of noise on wildlife

Abstract: Global increases in environmental noise levels – arising from expansion of human populations, transportation networks, and resource extraction – have catalysed a recent surge of research into the effects of noise on wildlife. Synthesising a coherent understanding of the biological consequences of noise from this literature is challenging. Taxonomic groups vary in auditory capabilities. A wide range of noise sources and exposure levels occur, and many kinds of biological responses have been observed, ranging from individual behaviours to changes in ecological communities. Also, noise is one of several environmental effects generated by human activities, so researchers must contend with potentially confounding explanations for biological responses. Nonetheless, it is clear that noise presents diverse threats to species and ecosystems and salient patterns are emerging to help inform future natural resource-management decisions. We conducted a systematic and standardised review of the scientific literature published from 1990 to 2013 on the effects of anthropogenic noise on wildlife, including both terrestrial and aquatic studies. Research to date has concentrated predominantly on European and North American species that rely on vocal communication, with approximately two-thirds of the data set focussing on songbirds and marine mammals. The majority of studies documented effects from noise, including altered vocal behaviour to mitigate masking, reduced abundance in noisy habitats, changes in vigilance and foraging behaviour, and impacts on individual fitness and the structure of ecological communities. This literature survey shows that terrestrial wildlife responses begin at noise levels of approximately 40 dBA, and 20% of papers documented impacts below 50 dBA. Our analysis highlights the utility of existing scientific information concerning the effects of anthropogenic noise on wildlife for predicting potential outcomes of noise exposure and implementing meaningful mitigation measures. Future research directions that would support more comprehensive predictions regarding the magnitude and severity of noise impacts include: broadening taxonomic and geographical scope, exploring interacting stressors, conducting larger-scale studies, testing mitigation approaches, standardising reporting of acoustic metrics, and assessing the biological response to noise-source removal or mitigation. The broad volume of existing information concerning the effects of anthropogenic noise on wildlife offers a valuable resource to assist scientists, industry, and natural-resource managers in predicting potential outcomes of noise exposure.