According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

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Guidance And Control Of Ocean Vehicles

A surgical tool having an elongated shaft having a proximal end and distal end. A surgical end effector is located about the distal end. The surgical end effector has a plurality of effector mechanisms comprising a plurality of degree of freedoms. An effector body is located at the proximal end. The effector body includes a plurality of motor interfaces for driving the plurality of effector mechanisms. A transmission is coupled to the effector body

Surgical Instrument with Shiftable Transmission

The recent advances in state estimation, perception, and navigation algorithms have significantly contributed to the ubiquitous use of quadrotors for inspection, mapping, and aerial imaging. To further increase the versatility of quadrotors, recent works investigated the use of an adaptive morphology, which consists of modifying the shape of the vehicle during flight to suit a specific task or environment. However, these works either increase the complexity of the platform or decrease its controllability. In this letter, we propose a novel, simpler, yet effective morphing design for quadrotors consisting of a frame with four independently rotating arms that fold around the main frame. To guarantee stable flight at all times, we exploit an optimal control strategy that adapts on the fly to the drone morphology. We demonstrate the versatility of the proposed adaptive morphology in different tasks, such as negotiation of narrow gaps, close inspection of vertical surfaces, and object grasping and transportation. The experiments are performed on an actual, fully autonomous quadrotor relying solely on onboard visual-inertial sensors and compute. No external motion tracking systems and computers are used. This is the first work showing stable flight without requiring any symmetry of the morphology.

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The Foldable Drone: A Morphing Quadrotor That Can Squeeze and Fly

Underwater robot designs inspired by the behavior, physiology, and anatomy of fishes can provide enhanced maneuverability, stealth, and energy efficiency. Over the last two decades, robotics researchers have developed and reported a large variety of fish-inspired robot designs. The purpose of this review is to report different types of fish-inspired robot designs based upon their intended locomotion patterns. We present a detailed comparison of various design features like sensing, actuation, autonomy, waterproofing, and morphological structure of fish-inspired robots reported in the past decade. We believe that by studying the existing robots, future designers will be able to create new designs by adopting features from the successful robots. The review also summarizes the open research issues that need to be taken up for the further advancement of the field and also for the deployment of fish-inspired robots in practice.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-3190/11/3/031001/pdf

Fish-inspired robots: design, sensing, actuation, and autonomy--a review of research.

Multiple robot systems are employed in various applications to get the complex tasks carried out by a group of robots. When Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are employed for underwater missions, they provide higher quality data, more coverage and reduces the mission time, thus resulting in huge cost savings. However, the formation control of such robots depends to a great extent on the communication requirements between the robots. In this paper, we propose a modified next-state approximation algorithm to control the leader follower formation of multiple AUV's which reduces the communication requirements. The controller drives each follower robot to the next desired position by eliminating the error between the next actual position of follower AUV, computed by considering its current and previous position and its next desired position by using a PID controller. Since this algorithm is independent of time step between states, the amount of information to be transmitted can be reduced by increasing the time steps. The design of the formation controller and its simulation studies for a group of AUVs are presented. The results confirm that the time step increase doesn't affect the path accuracy and hence the communication requirements get reduced.

A formation control algorithm by modified next-state approximation to reduce communication requirements in multirobot systems

A haptic interface is a link between a human operator and a virtual environment and conveys a kinesthetic sense of presence in the virtual environment to the operator. The combined system includes a virtual environment simulated in a digital computer, a human operator and a haptic display that are actual physical systems. Such interfaces are commonly used in tele-surgical simulators and other systems to get a better feel for the user. For this system, stability is a prime concern because it may be affected by three major factors that are communication delay, controller discretization, and active operator intervention. In this paper, the stability of these systems is analysed and a framework which allows operator to interact actively with the virtual environment is proposed for telesurgical applications using surgical robots. Study of the simultaneous effect of all three de-stabilizing factors are carried out via the proposed framework. The well-known Colgate’s stability condition for a 1-user haptic system with a passive operator is reproduced and then extended to the case which allows each operator to behave actively. Another extension to Colgate’s condition comes by allowing communication delays to exist in the system. Simulations confirm the validity of the proposed conditions for stability of sampled-data Haptic Virtual Environment (HVE) systems.

Stability Analysis of Haptic Virtual Environment Systems for Active Interactions in Surgical Robot Simulators

Estimation of hydrodynamic model parameters such as added mass parameter and drag coefficients is very crucial while mathematically modelling any underwater system. Owing to the nature of the model being coupled and its high non-linearity, estimation of these parameters becomes complicated. Various methods of parameter estimation have been currently employed, involving experiments, computational fluid analysis, and simulations, each having its own advantages and disadvantages. Most of the existing methods use sophisticated external instrumentation and experimentally estimate the parameters using computationally expensive adaptive algorithms, which may not be required or cannot be generalised to all the systems. In this paper, a simple off-line estimation method for estimating crucial hydrodynamic parameters using onboard sensors is presented. The error between the data from numerical simulations (using a mathematical model) and experiments is iteratively minimised using a gradient descent-based optimisation algorithm, by having the unknown model parameters as design variables of the error minimisation process. The method combines the properties of least squares estimation and the free decay tests, where the system can be excited with any known external inputs. A mathematical model with the unknown parameters, fully defining the behaviour of the system, is required and open loop experimental data from onboard sensors for a known input is sufficient for the estimation process, thereby eliminating the requirement of additional instrumentation. Non-linear mathematical models can be directly used in estimation, unlike few other methods which require linearisation and approximation. This method can be generalised to any system, provided sufficient information on experimental input and output, and the equivalent mathematical model of the system are available. The proposed method has been successfully implemented to estimate the added mass and drag coefficients of a standalone, single degree of freedom variable buoyancy module, ‘vBuoy’. A mathematical model defining the dynamics of the heave motion of vBuoy has been derived and the parameters involved in the model have been estimated with the proposed method. The proposed method, as well as the results, are validated by comparing the experiments and simulations at different conditions. The results showed that the proposed method was well suited for the estimation of hydrodynamic parameters of underwater systems.

Estimation of hydrodynamic parameters for underwater systems using a simple off-line regression method: a case study

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Asokan Thondiyath

Papers

A formation control algorithm by modified next-state approximation to reduce communication requirements in multirobot systems

Stability Analysis of Haptic Virtual Environment Systems for Active Interactions in Surgical Robot Simulators

Estimation of hydrodynamic parameters for underwater systems using a simple off-line regression method: a case study

Realization of a Statically Balanced Compliant Planar Remote Center of Motion Mechanism for Robotic Surgery

Evaluation of an Instrumented Sleeve for Myoelectrically-Triggered Functional Electrical Therapy: Indo-German Stroke Study