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Athraa M. Al-Waheb

Bio: Athraa M. Al-Waheb is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Etanercept & Rheumatoid arthritis. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 12 publications receiving 10 citations.

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Journal Article
TL;DR: The need for internally displaced children and those with low socioeconomic status, dental health education programs and preventive measures and information for monitoring the gingival health are highlighted and helpful for performing the health service programs are given.
Abstract: Background: The internally displaced children (IDC) are vulnerable groups who have less access to dental services, worse oral health, and bear the inappropriate burden of oral diseases. The inaccessibility of prevention and treatment services directly impact the treatment options and costs. This study was conducted on a group of internally displaced children living in Baghdad governorate camps to measure their gingival health status through assessing the effect of displacement conditions on gingival health. Patients and methods: Samples of 1393 children were selected, 567 were internally displaced children from camps in Baghdad governorate and 826 were school children. Oral health education and questionnaire were conducted, and then oral examination was performed using WHO 2013 criteria. The gingival health was evaluated by CPI probe. Results: Gingival bleeding prevalence (score 1) for IDC was found to be 60.8% which is significantly higher in comparison to school children (33.4%). Boys had a higher prevalence of gingival bleeding than girls for both groups, and more prevalent in IDC than school children in all parent’s levels of education with statistical significance for both parents. Self-assessment of children towards their gingival health was significantly associated with both the groups of children. Conclusion: This survey highlighted the need for internally displaced children and those with low socioeconomic status, dental health education programs and preventive measures and give information for monitoring the gingival health which is helpful for performing the health service programs.

2 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluating the occurrence of dental attrition among Cement factory workers found work environment was related to dental wear, and statistical differences between two groups was highly significant.
Abstract: Background: Loss of tooth structure may be due to tooth to tooth contact and presence of abrasive components in the work environment. The aim of study was planned to evaluate the occurrence of dental attrition among Cement factory workers. Material and Method: The Sample included all workers chronically exposed to cement dust in the EL-Kubaisa cement factory (95 workers). A comparative group of workers (97) were non-exposed to cement dust was selected. All workers were males in gender with age range (25-55) years. The assessment of tooth wear was based on the criteria of smith and knight, 1984. Results: The maximum tooth wear score for exposed workers was 84.2% while non exposed workers was 38.1%,with statistical differences between two groups was highly significant (P 20 years) was (52.2 %), (92.3%) and (100%) respectively, with statistical differences was highly significant (P 0.05). Conclusion: Work environment was related to dental wear.

1 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The high frequency of soft drinks consuming connected with increase of the dental caries is present, and significant variations in levels of salivary calcium and phosphate of the workers are appeared.
Abstract: Background: Soft drinks have many prospect health issues. It has both acidogenic and cariogenic effect due to its high content of acids and sugar. Soft beverages consuming was raised through the past some decades. This study was assumed to appreciate the physiochemical property of saliva with different frequencies of soft drinks consuming and its association with dental caries. This study aimed to study the influence of frequent consumption of soft bevarages on dental caries and its relation to calcium and phosphorus. Subjects and Methods: Sample is composed of 80 workers, there age was (27-40) years old, who was working in Al-Waha Soft Drink Company located in Karbala governorate in Iraq. The sample divided into five categories according to frequency of soft drinks consuming into: those with several times daily, once daily, several times weekly, once weekly and several times monthly. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries were assessed according to Decay, Missed, Filled WHO index. Collection of unstimulated saliva from workers was done, then measuring salivary flow rate; and chemically analyzed to determine salivary PH, calcium, and phosphorus. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 21. Results: The result recorded highly significant at p<0.01 in "DMFS" and "DMFT" with the frequency of soft drinking. There was highly significant at p<0.01 in salivary flow rate and pH with frequency of soft drink consumption. Correlation between dental caries with salivary flow rate and pH by frequency of soft drinking, in which indirect relation between salivary flow rate and pH and both "DMFS" and DMFT" was found. There was marginal significant at p<0.05 in salivary calcium. There was direct relationship in those highly consumption of soft drinks (several times daily and once daily) between salivary calcium and both "DMFS" and "DMFT", but this relation was not significant, while it was highly significant in those several times monthly. It was found an indirect relationship in those several times daily and once weekly between salivary phosphorous and both "DMFS" and "DMFT" that was highly significant. Conclusion: It is present from the result of this study the high frequency of soft drinks consuming connected with increase of the dental caries. The results were appeared significant variations in levels of salivary calcium and phosphorus of the workers. Inorganic phosphorus level in the saliva has a negative influence on the caries experience and negative relation with DMF index, so the caries activity was associated with depressed level of salivary inorganic phosphorus.

1 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The whole unstimulated salivary flow rate was higher among rheumatoid arthritis cases on combination treatment (Etanercept and Methotrexate) revealing improvements insalivary gland functions, and it was concluded that salivARY Leptin level is of low importance to assess disease activity to rheumatic arthritis patients.
Abstract: Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic multisystemic disease which can lead to significant deformities and functional disability. Objectives: is to estimate level of salivary Leptin, flow rate and pH of saliva among group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis according to treatment. Patients and methods: Study design ;a case control study included Fifty women patients with rheumatoid arthritis; twenty-five on Methotrexate treatment and twenty-five on combination treatment of Methotrexate and Etanercept selected as study groups with an age range (30-40) years old and twenty-five gender, age and Body Mass Index matched healthy looking persons were selected as control. Collection of unstimulated salivary samples was carried out under standard conditions then salivary flow rate, pH in addition salivary Leptin was estimated Results after adjustment for age, gender and body mass index; mean salivary flow rate was highest among rheumatoid arthritis cases on combination treatment (Etanercept and Methotrexate) =0.4±0.202 ml/min and least significant difference test between groups was statistically significant (p< 0.05). The mean salivary pH was highest among rheumatoid arthritis cases on combination treatment (Etanercept and Methotrexate) =7.1±0.29; however the differences between groups failed to reach the level of statistical significance. The median of salivary Leptin was highest among rheumatoid arthritis cases on Methotrexate =0.65ng/ml without statistically significant difference between groups, furthermore the salivary levels of Leptin in this study reveals weak correlation with disease activity score 28 r=0.127/p=0.42 among rheumatoid arthritis patients. Conclusions: the whole unstimulated salivary flow rate was higher among rheumatoid arthritis cases on combination treatment (Etanercept and Methotrexate) revealing improvements in salivary gland functions, the study also concluded that salivary Leptin level is of low importance to assess disease activity to rheumatoid arthritis patients . Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, salivary flow rate, salivary Leptin

1 citations


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TL;DR: Non-surgical periodontal therapy had a beneficial effect on the signs and symptoms of RA, regardless of the medications used to treat this condition.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are common chronic inflammatory conditions. Recent studies showed a beneficial effect of periodontal treatment on the severity of active RA. This study was undertaken to further examine the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on the signs and symptoms of RA in patients treated with or without anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) medications. The effect of anti-TNF-alpha therapy on periodontitis also was assessed. METHODS: Forty participants diagnosed with moderate/severe RA (under treatment for RA) and severe periodontitis were randomly assigned to receive initial non-surgical periodontal therapy with scaling/root planing and oral hygiene instructions (n = 20) or no periodontal therapy (n = 20). To control RA, all participants had been using disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and 20 had also been using anti-TNF-alpha before randomization. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), RA disease activity score 28 (DAS28), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured at baseline and 6 weeks later. Linear mixed models were used to identify significant differences between subjects who received periodontal treatment and those who did not. RESULTS: Patients receiving periodontal treatment showed a significant decrease in the mean DAS28, ESR (P <0.001), and serum TNF-alpha (P <0.05). There was no statistically significant decrease in these parameters in patients not receiving periodontal treatment. Anti-TNF-alpha therapy resulted in a significant improvement in CAL, PD, BOP, and GI. CONCLUSIONS: Non-surgical periodontal therapy had a beneficial effect on the signs and symptoms of RA, regardless of the medications used to treat this condition. Anti-TNF-alpha therapy without periodontal treatment had no significant effect on the periodontal condition.

76 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The results of this study revealed that in both techniques, good implant stability was achieved and osteotome technique did not have any advantage compared to conventional drilling in this regard.

23 citations