Author
Aud M. Tretvik
Bio: Aud M. Tretvik is an academic researcher from Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Land use & Land management. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 4 publications receiving 398 citations.
Papers
More filters
University of Copenhagen1, Humboldt University of Berlin2, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology3, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt4, VU University Amsterdam5, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts6, Ghent University7, Norwegian University of Science and Technology8, University of Eastern Finland9, Aix-Marseille University10, University of Edinburgh11, University of Luxembourg12, University of Malta13, Charles University in Prague14, Technical University of Madrid15, Slovak Academy of Sciences16, Stockholm University17, Jagiellonian University18, University of West Hungary19, University of Tartu20, University of Latvia21, Wageningen University and Research Centre22, Spanish National Research Council23, University of the Aegean24, University of Bucharest25, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research26, University of Potsdam27, University of Tirana28
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the evolution of European land management over the past 200 years with the aim of identifying key episodes of changes in land management, and their underlying technological, institutional and economic drivers.
233 citations
01 Jan 2015
229 citations
TL;DR: Palaeo-ecological investigations at three sites in a north-south transect along the length of the valley indicate mowing and livestock grazing from AD 1500 to 1600 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Humans have used resources in mountain landscapes for thousands of years, but the intensity and continuity of different land uses and the corresponding landscape changes are not well understood. This study examined long-term interactions between land use and landscapes in Budalen, central Norway, by using a multidisciplinary approach. Palaeoecological investigations at three sites in a north-south transect along the length of the valley indicate mowing and livestock grazing from AD 1500 to 1600. No clear signs of human-induced vegetation shifts are indicated at earlier time stages at the two southern sites. No archaeological findings support land use prior to AD 1500. Written sources give evidence for haymaking at AD 1600 and a more intense land use with summer farming followed in the eighteenth century. Land-use impact had a longer continuity at the northernmost site where furnaces for iron production and other human artefacts are dated as early as 180 BC–AD 25. These archaeological findings closely corr...
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the past vegetation cover around a pre-historic iron production site in the Budalen valley in central Norway was quantified using direction of vegetation change models using a set of fixed rules based on normal succession, the present vegetation and the interpreted fossil pollen record.
Abstract: Quantification of vegetation cover based on fossil pollen assemblages is valuable for proper assessment of past landscape dynamics. In the present investigation, the past vegetation cover around a pre-historic iron production site in the Budalen valley in central Norway was quantified using direction of vegetation change models. A set of fixed rules based on normal succession, the present vegetation and the ‘intuitively’ interpreted fossil pollen record was used to model spatially explicit changes in the vegetation of past landscapes. By comparing modelled pollen percentages with empirical fossil pollen percentages, it was possible to determine absolute plausible vegetation. According to the applied models, the pine forest within at least 1 km of the sampling site (>100 ha) was temporarily replaced with birch forest around ad 300, 800 and 1750 as a consequence of iron and charcoal production. The birch forest later re-succeeded to pine forest as pine harvest decreased at intermediate time stages.
6 citations
Cited by
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a systematic synthesis of 144 studies that identify the proximate and underlying drivers of landscape change across Europe and find that land abandonment/extensification is the most prominent (62% of cases) among multiple proximate drivers.
347 citations
Université catholique de Louvain1, Clark University2, University of Bern3, University of Maryland, College Park4, University of Maryland, Baltimore County5, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna6, University of Technology, Sydney7, University of Twente8, Boston University9, United States Department of Agriculture10, Humboldt University of Berlin11, University of Lausanne12, Stanford University13, Indiana University14, McGill University15, Leibniz Association16, Stockholm University17, Arizona State University18, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research19, VU University Amsterdam20
TL;DR: The authors reviewed and synthesized the theories that explain the causal mechanisms of land-use change, including systemic linkages between distant landuse changes, with a focus on agriculture and forestry processes.
Abstract: Changes in land systems generate many sustainability challenges Identifying more sustainable land-use alternatives requires solid theoretical foundations on the causes of land-use/cover changes Land system science is a maturing field that has produced a wealth of methodological innovations and empirical observations on land-cover and land-use change, from patterns and processes to causes We take stock of this knowledge by reviewing and synthesizing the theories that explain the causal mechanisms of land-use change, including systemic linkages between distant land-use changes, with a focus on agriculture and forestry processes We first review theories explaining changes in land-use extent, such as agricultural expansion, deforestation, frontier development, and land abandonment, and changes in land-use intensity, such as agricultural intensification and disintensification We then synthesize theories of higher-level land system change processes, focusing on: (i) land-use spillovers, including land sparing and rebound effects with intensification, leakage, indirect land-use change, and land-use displacement, and (ii) land-use transitions, defined as structural non-linear changes in land systems, including forest transitions Theories focusing on the causes of land system changes span theoretically and epistemologically disparate knowledge domains and build from deductive, abductive, and inductive approaches A grand, integrated theory of land system change remains elusive Yet, we show that middle-range theories – defined here as contextual generalizations that describe chains of causal mechanisms explaining a well-bounded range of phenomena, as well as the conditions that trigger, enable, or prevent these causal chains –, provide a path towards generalized knowledge of land systems This knowledge can support progress towards sustainable social-ecological systems
292 citations
Humboldt University of Berlin1, Sapienza University of Rome2, University of Vermont3, European Forest Institute4, University of Freiburg5, Danish Nature Agency6, University of Forestry, Sofia7, University of Turin8, Forest Research Institute9, Mediterranean University10, University of Lisbon11, University of Zagreb12, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague13, Aleksandras Stulginskis University14, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro15, Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje16, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research17, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad18, University of Eastern Finland19, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences20
TL;DR: In this article, Sabatini et al. discuss the importance of gender diversity in soccer and discuss the role of gender in the sport of soccer in terms of sportswriting.
Abstract: Francesco Maria Sabatini1 | Sabina Burrascano2 | William S. Keeton3 | Christian Levers1 | Marcus Lindner4 | Florian Pötzschner1 | Pieter Johannes Verkerk5 | Jürgen Bauhus6 | Erik Buchwald7 | Oleh Chaskovsky8 | Nicolas Debaive9 | Ferenc Horváth10 | Matteo Garbarino11 | Nikolaos Grigoriadis12 | Fabio Lombardi13 | Inês Marques Duarte14 | Peter Meyer15 | Rein Midteng16 | Stjepan Mikac17 | Martin Mikoláš18 | Renzo Motta11 | Gintautas Mozgeris19 | Leónia Nunes14,20 | Momchil Panayotov21 | Peter Ódor10 | Alejandro Ruete22 | Bojan Simovski23 | Jonas Stillhard24 | Miroslav Svoboda18 | Jerzy Szwagrzyk25 | Olli-Pekka Tikkanen26 | Roman Volosyanchuk27 | Tomas Vrska28 | Tzvetan Zlatanov29 | Tobias Kuemmerle1
258 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the evolving dynamics of land policies and land-use changes in China and developed a thorough understanding of the historical drivers and pathways of land use changes and China's deep-seated land issues, as well as social, political and economic factors involved.
216 citations
TL;DR: Considering rising agricultural demand, areas where timely land-use planning may proactively mitigate biodiversity loss are highlighted, to highlight areas at risk of high biodiversity loss across the entire option space of possible agricultural change.
Abstract: Agriculture is the leading driver of biodiversity loss. However, its future impact on biodiversity remains unclear, especially because agricultural intensification is often neglected, and high path-dependency is assumed when forecasting agricultural development—although the past suggests that shock events leading to considerable agricultural change occur frequently. Here, we investigate the possible impacts on biodiversity of pathways of expansion and intensification. Our pathways are not built to reach equivalent production targets, and therefore they should not be directly compared; they instead highlight areas at risk of high biodiversity loss across the entire option space of possible agricultural change. Based on an extensive database of biodiversity responses to agriculture, we find 30% of species richness and 31% of species abundances potentially lost because of agricultural expansion across the Amazon and Afrotropics. Only 21% of high-risk expansion areas in the Afrotropics overlap with protected areas (compared with 43% of the Neotropics). Areas at risk of biodiversity loss from intensification are found in India, Eastern Europe and the Afromontane region (7% species richness, 13% abundance loss). Many high-risk regions are not adequately covered by conservation prioritization schemes, and have low national conservation spending and high agricultural growth. Considering rising agricultural demand, we highlight areas where timely land-use planning may proactively mitigate biodiversity loss. The authors predict biodiversity loss under potential future agricultural change. Agricultural expansion threatens species richness and abundance worldwide (up to one-third in some areas), often with little overlap between protected areas and high-risk expansion areas.
202 citations