Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major public health problem. It is the fourth leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality in the United States, and is projected to rank fifth in 2020 in burden of disease worldwide, according to a study published by the World Bank/World Health Organization. Yet, COPD remains relatively unknown or ignored by the public as well as public health and government officials. In 1998, in an effort to bring more attention to COPD, its management, and its prevention, a committed group of scientists encouraged the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the World Health Organization to form the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Among the important objectives of GOLD are to increase awareness of COPD and to help the millions of people who suffer from this disease and die prematurely of it or its complications. The first step in the GOLD program was to prepare a consensus report, Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD, published in 2001. The present, newly revised document follows the same format as the original consensus report, but has been updated to reflect the many publications on COPD that have appeared. GOLD national leaders, a network of international experts, have initiated investigations of the causes and prevalence of COPD in their countries, and developed innovative approaches for the dissemination and implementation of COPD management guidelines. We appreciate the enormous amount of work the GOLD national leaders have done on behalf of their patients with COPD. Despite the achievements in the 5 years since the GOLD report was originally published, considerable additional work is ahead of us if we are to control this major public health problem. The GOLD initiative will continue to bring COPD to the attention of governments, public health officials, health care workers, and the general public, but a concerted effort by all involved in health care will be necessary.

https://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/GOLD_WR_06.pdf

Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary.

2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

https://caltcm.memberclicks.net/assets/documents/acc_aha_chf_2013_guidelines.pdf

2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines

ALAT
: alanine aminotransferase
ASAT
: aspartate aminotransferase
APAH
: associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
BAS
: balloon atrial septostomy
BMPR2
: bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2
BNP
: brain natriuretic peptide
BPA
: balloon pulmonary angioplasty
BREATHE
: Bosentan

/pdf/2015-esc-ers-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-y26yabnnom.pdf

2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT).

/pdf/2021-esc-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-acute-4pqhe8c49t.pdf

2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure.

The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirteenth official pediatric heart transplantation report2010

Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: twenty-second official adult lung and heart-lung transplant report--2005.

This 30th adult heart transplant report is based on data submitted on 110,486 heart transplants in recipients of all ages (including 99,008 adults) by 407 centers worldwide since 1982 through June 30, 2012, with follow-up until June 30, 2012. Summary data are provided for the entire cohort of patients, whereas a number of additional analyses focus on cohorts who received transplants more recently. Detailed data analyses can be viewed in the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) Registry slide sets available online (www.ishlt.org/registries). The report is divided into several sections:

/pdf/the-registry-of-the-international-society-for-heart-and-lung-rvl8wv4nek.pdf

The registry of the international society for heart and lung transplantation: Thirtieth official adult heart transplant report - 2013; Focus theme: Age

This section of the 29th official International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) Registry report summarizes the current status of adult lung and heart-lung transplantation by reporting data on this international group of patients. The Registry contains data on 3,631 adult heart-lung and 39,835 adult lung transplants performed through June 30, 2011 from centers around the world. More detailed information is presented in the full slide set, which is available on the ISHLT Web site at www.ishlt.org/registries/.

The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: 29th adult lung and heart-lung transplant report-2012.

This 29th adult transplant report is based on data submitted by 394 transplant centers worldwide. In excess of 104,000 heart transplants have been registered in the database. Summary data are provided for the entire cohort of patients, whereas a number of additional analyses focus on cohorts of patients transplanted more recently. Detailed data analyses can be viewed on the slide set of the registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT), which is available online (www.ishlt.org/registries). The report is divided into several sections. Baseline donor, recipient and medical center demographics are reviewed first. The second part focuses on immunosuppressive therapies and acute allograft rejection. Survival after heart transplant is examined next, and data on post-transplant morbidities and quality of life after transplant conclude the report.

Axel O. Rahmel

Papers

The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirteenth official pediatric heart transplantation report2010

Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: twenty-second official adult lung and heart-lung transplant report--2005.

The registry of the international society for heart and lung transplantation: Thirtieth official adult heart transplant report - 2013; Focus theme: Age

The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: 29th adult lung and heart-lung transplant report-2012.

The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: 29th official adult heart transplant report--2012.