Author
Ayo Palmer
Other affiliations: UNICEF
Bio: Ayo Palmer is an academic researcher from Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne. The author has contributed to research in topics: Malaria & Population. The author has an hindex of 24, co-authored 32 publications receiving 3498 citations. Previous affiliations of Ayo Palmer include UNICEF.
Papers
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TL;DR: It is proposed that a critical determinant of life-time disease risk is the ability to develop clinical immunity early in life during a period when other protective mechanisms may operate, and measures which reduce parasite transmission, and thus immunity, may lead to a change in both the clinical spectrum of severe disease and the overall burden of severe malaria morbidity.
705 citations
TL;DR: The reduction in the overall incidence of radiologically defined pneumonia in PRP-T vaccinees suggests that about 20% of episodes of pneumonia in young Gambian children are due to Hib, which should substantially reduce childhood mortality due to pneumonia and meningitis.
412 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the changes in malaria indices in this country, and the causes and public health significance of these changes, concluding that a large proportion of the malaria burden has been alleviated in The Gambia.
411 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A large proportion of the malaria burden has been alleviated in The Gambia and the results encourage consideration of a policy to eliminate malaria as a public-health problem, while emphasising the importance of accurate and continuous surveillance.
390 citations
TL;DR: Artemether is as effective as quinine in the treatment of cerebral malaria in children, and residual neurologic sequelae are detected in 576 Gambian children analyzed at approximately five months for neurologic disease.
Abstract: Background Cerebral malaria has a mortality rate of 10 to 30 percent despite treatment with parenteral quinine, a situation that may worsen with the spread of quinine resistance. Artemether is a new antimalarial agent that clears parasites from the circulation more rapidly than quinine, but its effect on mortality is unclear. Methods We conducted a randomized, unblind-ed comparison of intramuscular artemether and intramuscular quinine in 576 Gambian children with cerebral malaria. The primary end points of the study were mortality and residual neurologic sequelae. Results Fifty-nine of the 288 children treated with artemether died in the hospital (20.5 percent), as compared with 62 of the 288 treated with quinine (21.5 percent). Among the 418 children analyzed at approximately five months for neurologic disease, residual neurologic sequelae were detected in 7 of 209 survivors treated with artemether (3.3 percent) and 11 of 209 survivors treated with quinine (5.3 percent, P = 0.5). After adjustment for pot...
240 citations
Cited by
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TL;DR: In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) as discussed by the authors, the authors used the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data.
5,792 citations
TL;DR: It is estimated that there were 515 (range 300–660) million episodes of clinical P. falciparum malaria in 2002, up to 50% higher than those reported by the World Health Organization and 200% higher for areas outside Africa, reflecting the WHO's reliance upon passive national reporting for these countries.
Abstract: Interest in mapping the global distribution of malaria is motivated by a need to define populations at risk for appropriate resource allocation and to provide a robust framework for evaluating its global economic impact. Comparison of older and more recent malaria maps shows how the disease has been geographically restricted, but it remains entrenched in poor areas of the world with climates suitable for transmission. Here we provide an empirical approach to estimating the number of clinical events caused by Plasmodium falciparum worldwide, by using a combination of epidemiological, geographical and demographic data. We estimate that there were 515 (range 300-660) million episodes of clinical P. falciparum malaria in 2002. These global estimates are up to 50% higher than those reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and 200% higher for areas outside Africa, reflecting the WHO's reliance upon passive national reporting for these countries. Without an informed understanding of the cartography of malaria risk, the global extent of clinical disease caused by P. falciparum will continue to be underestimated.
2,825 citations
TL;DR: The findings show that the interventions needed to achieve the millennium development goal of reducing child mortality by two-thirds by 2015 are available, but that they are not being delivered to the mothers and children who need them.
2,430 citations
University of Edinburgh1, Public Health Foundation of India2, Kenya Medical Research Institute3, University of Warwick4, University of Liverpool5, University of the Witwatersrand6, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium7, Johns Hopkins University8, University of Barcelona9, International Military Sports Council10, Dartmouth College11, Padjadjaran University12, University of Colorado Denver13, University of Split14
TL;DR: Mortality data suggest that RSV is an important cause of death in childhood from ALRI, after pneumococcal pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae type b, and the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies should be accelerated as a priority.
2,317 citations
TL;DR: To eliminate stunting in the longer term, existing interventions that were designed to improve nutrition and prevent related disease could reduce stunting at 36 months by 36%; mortality between birth and 36 monthsBy about 25%; and disability-adjusted life-years associated with stunting, severe wasting, intrauterine growth restriction, and micronutrient deficiencies by about 25%.
2,114 citations