Azhar Maqbool

Bio: Azhar Maqbool is an academic researcher from University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. The author has contributed to research in topics: Prevalence & Seroprevalence. The author has an hindex of 16, co-authored 92 publications receiving 862 citations. Previous affiliations of Azhar Maqbool include University of Lahore.

Prevalence of theileriosis in small ruminants in Lahore-Pakistan.

Abstract: Theileriosis is an important hemoparasitic disease in small ruminants in Pakistan. A total of 529 animals were selected to determine the prevalence of theileriosis in Lahore, Pakistan. On microscopic examination, 59/529 (11.2%) samples were positive for theileria. The prevalence of Theileria spp. was found to be 8.2% and 13.9% in goats (21/256) and sheep (38/273). Age, sex and season had no effect on theileria infection in goat (p > 0.05). The prevalence of theileriosis in sheep was affected by age and season (p < 0.05) with a trend noticed for gender (p = 0.013). Pyrexia was noticed in about 85.71% sheep and 78.95% goat. Further prevalence studies are needed to establish the effect of the risk factors on sheep and goats.

Epidemiological studies of paramphistomosis in cattle

Abstract: Epidemiological studies were undertaken at slaughter houses, live stock farms, veterinary hospitals and on household buffaloes under different management and climatic conditions in four different districts of the Punjab province. Infection rate was 7.83%, 12.33%, 7.17% and 4.25% respectively in the cattle at the slaughter house, live stock farm, veterinary hospital and at household cattle. Overall the highest prevalence in terms of season, 26% and 14.50%, was recorded during autumn at live stock farms and slaughtered cattle followed by 9.75% veterinary hospitals during summer and the lowest (2.5%) in household cattle was recorded during winter. It was observed that a higher infection rate was recorded in younger cattle (below two years of age) than older (above two years of age). Male cattle were more commonly affected than females. Snails belonging to genera Bulinus, Lymnaea and Planorbis were observed which are responsible for the transmission of paramphistomosis.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in canines

Abstract: A serological survey for Toxoplasmosis in dogs (n = 305) was conducted using a Latex agglutination test (LAT). The overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in canines was 46.88 per cent. A total of 59 dogs were found seropositive by LAT at 1:256 titre giving an evidence of presence of infection. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was inversely related to the age i.e. 52 % at 6 months and 32.5 % at 4 years and above. Non significant difference was observed in seropositivity between males (40%) and females (53.12) % and between exotic (46.15%) and local (57.14%) breeds. However significant variation in seropositivity was found between stray dogs (83.33%) and pet dogs (37.95 %) and between dogs having close contact with cats (55%) and with out cats (24.34%). Out of the tested bitches 60% were seropositive, mostly at 1:16 titre indicating residual immunity.

Diseases of Poultry

Abstract: VERY few veterinary surgeons have thought fit to write a book on diseases of poultry. Mr. Ernest Gray has done justice to the subject and is to be congratulated on his effort. A book of this size, written by one with specialized knowledge, will add to the value of any library or private bookshelf. Diseases of Poultry Their Aetiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Control; with a Section on the Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Fowl. By Ernest Gray. (Lockwood's Agricultural and Horticultural Handbooks.) Pp. x + 198 + 16 plates. (London: Crosby Lockwood and Son, Ltd., 1940.) 9s. 6d. net.

Cryptosporidium Taxonomy: Recent Advances and Implications for Public Health (Review)

Abstract: There has been an explosion of descriptions of new species of Cryptosporidium during the last two decades This has been accompanied by confusion regarding the criteria for species designation, largely because of the lack of distinct morphologic differences and strict host specificity among Cryptosporidium spp A review of the biologic species concept, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), and current practices for Cryptosporidium species designation calls for the establishment of guidelines for naming Cryptosporidium species All reports of new Cryptosporidium species should include at least four basic components: oocyst morphology, natural host specificity, genetic characterizations, and compliance with the ICZN Altogether, 13 Cryptosporidium spp are currently recognized: C muris, C andersoni, C parvum, C hominis, C wrairi, C felis; and C cannis in mammals; C baileyi, C meleagridis, and C galli in birds; C serpentis and C saurophilum in reptiles; and C molnari in fish With the establishment of a framework for naming Cryptosporidium species and the availability of new taxonomic tools, there should be less confusion associated with the taxonomy of the genus Cryptosporidium The clarification of Cryptosporidium taxonomy is also useful for understanding the biology of Cryptosporidium spp, assessing the public health significance of Cryptosporidium spp in animals and the environment, characterizing transmission dynamics, and tracking infection and contamination sources

What is Veterinary Medicine

Abstract: Transfer Requirements The following requirements for the major are subject to change without notice. To assure accuracy of the information on this sheet, you should consult with a counselor, the articulation officer, or review articulation agreements via the internet at www.assist.org Veterinary medicine uses problem-solving skills and in-depth knowledge to diagnose, treat and prevent animal diseases. It is the broadest and most comprehensive of all the health professions. The profession is concerned with enhancing the health, welfare, and productivity of animals and assuring the safety of animal products used by people. Veterinarians are highly trained medical professionals who provide for the health needs of all kinds of animals while maintaining sensitivity to human health and well-being. Most veterinarians in the United States are engaged in private practice. Other veterinarians work in a wide range of fields relating to public health, animal disease control, environmental protection, the biotechnology industry, higher education and research. Academic preparation for veterinary school takes place at the undergraduate level through a comprehensive educational experience with special emphasis in the sciences. In order to succeed academically, in the rigorous veterinary school curriculum, veterinary schools are looking for individuals with a highly developed science background. Since Pre-Veterinary is not a major, it is important to meet with a counselor during your first semester at El Camino College to help with the selection of classes. 1. Academic preparation and grade point average is critical for admission. Cumulative GPA, strong grades in science courses, and GPA in the last two years of undergraduate study are critical in the selection process. 2. Many, but not all veterinary schools require a bachelor's degree. In some instances, a bachelor's degree may make an applicant more competitive in the admission process. 3. Score on a standardized graduate admissions test (e.g. GRE, MCAT, and VCAT). Check with the individual program for the specific test required. 4. Strong letters of recommendation-Most schools require a minimum of three letters of recommendation. Some schools require on letter from a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine. 5. Undergraduate course of study-Veterinary schools are looking for both lower and upper division preparation. 6. Applicant's personal statement or narrative. 7. Extracurricular activities, work experience, community activities, motivation, individual character, personality, and other post-undergraduate experiences. 8. Animal related activities and/or animal related work experience-Most colleges are looking for a strong commitment to working with animals. Some require employment by a Veterinarian. 9. Personal interview. …

Global Distribution of Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis.

Abstract: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) are severe helminthic zoonoses. Echinococcus multilocularis (causative agent of AE) is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere where it is typically maintained in a wild animal cycle including canids as definitive hosts and rodents as intermediate hosts. The species Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus ortleppi, Echinococcus canadensis and Echinococcus intermedius are the causative agents of CE with a worldwide distribution and a highly variable human disease burden in the different endemic areas depending upon human behavioural risk factors, the diversity and ecology of animal host assemblages and the genetic diversity within Echinococcus species which differ in their zoonotic potential and pathogenicity. Both AE and CE are regarded as neglected zoonoses, with a higher overall burden of disease for CE due to its global distribution and high regional prevalence, but a higher pathogenicity and case fatality rate for AE, especially in Asia. Over the past two decades, numerous studies have addressed the epidemiology and distribution of these Echinococcus species worldwide, resulting in better-defined boundaries of the endemic areas. This chapter presents the global distribution of Echinococcus species and human AE and CE in maps and summarizes the global data on host assemblages, transmission, prevalence in animal definitive hosts, incidence in people and molecular epidemiology.