Author
B. Gilbert
Bio: B. Gilbert is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Alkali metal & Ionic bonding. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 3 publications receiving 228 citations.
Papers
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TL;DR: The Raman spectra of AlCl3:1-butylpyridinium chloride liquids at ambient temperatures have been recorded for the 0.75:1.0 to 2.0 molar composition range, respectively.
Abstract: : The Raman spectra of AlCl3:1-butylpyridinium chloride liquids at ambient temperatures have been recorded for the 0.75:1.0 to 2.0:1.0 molar composition range, respectively. Four absorption bands for AlCl4- ionic species were assigned on the basis of higher temperature vibrational spectral results of AlCl3:alkali metal chloride systems.
149 citations
TL;DR: The Raman spectra of AlCl3:1-butylpyridinium chloride liquids at ambient temperatures have been recorded for the 0.75:1.0 to 2.0 molar composition range, respectively as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: : The Raman spectra of AlCl3:1-butylpyridinium chloride liquids at ambient temperatures have been recorded for the 0.75:1.0 to 2.0:1.0 molar composition range, respectively. Four absorption bands for AlCl4- ionic species were assigned on the basis of higher temperature vibrational spectral results of AlCl3:alkali metal chloride systems.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical 2-electron Nernst slope for Ni(II) additions in the acidic region and a fourth power Cl(-) ion dependence consistent with NiCl42(-) formation in the basic region were derived.
Abstract: : Absorption spectra have been recorded for Nicl2 dissolved in 0.8:1 and 1.5:1 molar ratio AlCl3:1-butylpyridinium chloride as a solvent at room temperature. In basic (chloride-rich) melts, the Ni(II) is present as NiCl42(-) with molar extinction coefficients a(658) = 169 and A(705) = 175 l/mol/cm. The reduction of the Ni(II) ion species at vitreous carbon electrodes exhibited irreversible behavior in acidic melts but no NiCl42(-) ion reduction was detected in the basic solvent. Potentiometry gave a theoretical 2-electron Nernst slope for Ni(II) additions in the acidic region and a fourth power Cl(-) ion dependence consistent with NiCl42(-) formation in the basic region. At 40 deg C, the Ni/Ni(II) standard electrode potential on the mole fraction scale was determined to be +0.8000 + or - 0.005 V (vs. 2:1 Al reference), and an equilibrium constant for the dissociation reaction, NiCl42(-) in equilibrium with Ni2(+) + 4 Cl(-) was determined to be 1.2 + or - 1.0 x 10 to the -46th power.
38 citations
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12,178 citations
TL;DR: There have been parallel and collaborative exchanges between academic research and industrial developments since the materials were first reported in 1914, it is demonstrated.
Abstract: In contrast to a recently expressed, and widely cited, view that “Ionic liquids are starting to leave academic labs and find their way into a wide variety of industrial applications”, we demonstrate in this critical review that there have been parallel and collaborative exchanges between academic research and industrial developments since the materials were first reported in 1914 (148 references)
4,865 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are reviewed from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices.
2,241 citations
TL;DR: Ionic liquids, defined here as salts with melting temperatures below 100 °C, evolved from traditional high temperature molten salts and were observed as far back as the mid 19th century.
1,456 citations
TL;DR: Recent studies on ILs that are employed as functional advanced materials, advanced mediums for materials production, and components for preparing highly functional materials are reviewed.
Abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) including ambient-temperature molten salts, which exist in the liquid state even at room temperature, have a long research history. However, their applications were once limited because ILs were considered as highly moisture-sensitive solvents that should be handled in a glove box. After the first synthesis of moisture-stable ILs in 1992, their unique physicochemical properties became known in all scientific fields. ILs are composed solely of ions and exhibit several specific liquid-like properties, e.g., some ILs enable dissolution of insoluble bio-related materials and the use as tailor-made lubricants in industrial applications under extreme physicochemical conditions. Hybridization of ILs and other materials provides quasi-solid materials, which can be used to fabricate highly functional devices. ILs are also used as reaction media for electrochemical and chemical synthesis of nanomaterials. In addition, the negligible vapor pressure of ILs allows the fabrication of electrochemical devices that are operated under ambient conditions, and many liquid-vacuum technologies, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of liquids, electron microscopy of liquids, and sputtering and physical vapor deposition onto liquids. In this article, we review recent studies on ILs that are employed as functional advanced materials, advanced mediums for materials production, and components for preparing highly functional materials.
770 citations