Author
B.T. Jeon
Bio: B.T. Jeon is an academic researcher from Khon Kaen University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Velvet antler & Cervus. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 3 publications receiving 4 citations.
Topics: Velvet antler, Cervus, Spotted deer, Litter (animal), Antler
Papers
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TL;DR: The velvet antler production was affected by dietary protein level and thus that was the smallest in T1 and the largest in T3 (P<0.05), and the content of crude protein in velvet antlers was higher in T 1 than in T 3, whereas the content in crude ash was contrast to that of crudeprotein, however, there were no significant differences.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to provide basic information to allow improved feeding management for velvet antler production by investigating the effects of dietary protein level on production and chemical composition of velvet antler in spotted deer (Cervus nippon ). Eighteen male spotted deer of 5~6 years old were assigned to 3 unreplicated groups by production record of the previous year. Deer were fed on experimental diets at different protein level of 10% (T1), 15% (T2) and 20% (T3). Dry matter intake, crude protein intake and daily gain were increased with increasing the protein level in diets and there were significant differences (P<0.05) between groups. Although not significant, mean length of main beam tended to be longer in either left or right beam with increasing the protein level, and in girth at part of base of main beam, it was a similar pattern to the result of length. The velvet antler production was affected by dietary protein level and thus that was the smallest in T1 and the largest in T3 (P<0.05). The content of crude protein in velvet antler was higher in T1 than in T3, whereas the content of crude ash in velvet antler was contrast to that of crude protein, however, there were no significant differences. (Key words : Chemical composition, Deer, Protein level, Velvet antler production)
2 citations
TL;DR: Three dietary treatments were compared over two years to determine the effects of dietary protein levels and feeding patterns on velvet production in red deer to show statistically significant different effects in general.
Abstract: Three dietary treatments were compared over two years to determine the effects of dietary protein levels and feeding patterns on velvet production in red deer ( Cervus elaphus ). The LL group received a 13% protein diet whereas the HH group received a 19% protein diet. The LH group switched from the low to high protein diet at the time of antler casting. Significant relationships were found between velvet production and the girth and length of main beam (p<0.01), daily growth rate of velvet (p<0.01), body weight at cutting time (p<0.05 in 1998 and p<0.01 in 1999), date of casting (p<0.01), and body weight and velvet production of the previous year (p<0.05 in 1998 and p<0.01 in 1999). Different levels of protein in diets in this study did not show statistically significant different effects in general. The girth of velvet, summed for top, middle and bottom of the main beam, tended to be thickest in HH for two years and thinnest in LL for 1998 and in LH for 1999. The main beam tended to be longest in HH at 46.3cm in 1998 and 45.2cm in 1999 and shortest in LH at 39.9cm in 1998 and 41.5cm in 1999. Velvet fresh weight tended to be highest in HH at 2,600±1,000g in 1998 and 3,038±867g in 1999 and lowest in LH at 2,287±826g in 1998 and 2,739±1,079g in 1999. Daily growth rate of velvet antler tended to be greatest in HH (43±16g/day in 1998 and 51±14g/day in 1999) and least in LH (38±15g/day in 1998 and 45±18g/day in 1999). (
2 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that up to 30% of broiler litter may be fed to male deer without deleterious effects on deer performance.
Abstract: To determine nutritive value and suitability of deep-stacked broiler litter for deer, the influence of supplementary levels of broiler litter on digestibility, dry matter intake, and nitrogen balance was investigated in male spotted deer ( Cervus nippon ) fed a commercial mixed(complete) ration. The deep-stacked and ground broiler litter was supplemented at the level of 0%(Control), 15%(T1) and 30%(T2) on the basis of fresh matter to the mixed ration. All treatments had similar palatability at about 3% body weight of dry matter intake. Dry matter digestibility was highest in Control and lowest in T2(P<0.05). Digestibility of crude protein was lowest(P<0.05) in T2. Dry matter and digestible dry matter intake was similar in all treatments. Daily body weight gain was not affected by treatments. Feeding 15 or 30% of broiler litter to male deer resulted in similar nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen excretion and daily nitrogen retention(g/d), compared with feeding Control. These results suggest that up to 30% of broiler litter may be fed to male deer without deleterious effects on deer performance. (
1 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that dietary protein clearly influenced dry matter intake and velvet antler production, whereas there was comparatively little effect of dietary protein on chemical composition of antler in spotted deer.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to provide basic information to allow improved nutritional management for velvet production by investigating the effects of dietary protein levels on dry matter intake and production and chemical composition of velvet antler in spotted deer (Cervus nippon). Twenty-four spotted deer stags were assigned to 4 unreplicated groups, Control (15% CP in diet, higher dry matter), CP10 (10% CP), CP15 (15% CP) and CP20 (20% CP). The velvet antlers were harvested from each stag on the 55th day after casting of the buttons from the previous set, measured for their size and weight, and the chemical composition of each antler was determined in three sections (top, middle, and base). Dry matter (DMI) and crude protein (CPI) intake were highest (p<0.05) for the Control and increased progressively (p<0.05) with increasing dietary protein level. Although not significant, mean length and girth of the main antler beam tended to be larger in either left or right beam with increasing protein level in the diet, longest in CP20 and shortest in CP10. Velvet antler production was lowest in CP10 and highest in CP20, which differed significantly (p<0.05). Only negligible differences were found between groups in chemical composition. It is concluded that dietary protein clearly influenced dry matter intake and velvet antler production, whereas there was comparatively little effect of dietary protein on chemical composition of antler in
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effect of herb-incorporated feedstuff (HFS) and normal feedstuff(NFS) on the biological effects of deer antlers.
Abstract: The ash content, mineral composition, total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, and neuroprotective effect of the antlers of deer fed with herb-incorporated feedstuff (HFS) or normal feedstuff (NFS) were comparatively evaluated. The contents of ash and mineral of the antler of deer fed with HFS were significantly lower than its counterpart. The ash and mineral contents of deer antlers decreased generally from the upper section toward the tip section. The ratios of Ca/ash, Ca/P, and Ca/Fe of antler of deer fed with HFS were lower than those of antler of deer fed with NFS. Antlers of deer fed with HFS had higher total phenolics, nitrite scavenging capacity, and antioxidant capacity than those of deer fed with NFS. Antlers of deer fed with HFS or NFS showed in vitro neuronal protection of PC-12 cells against oxidative stress in a dosedependent manner, where antler of deer fed with HFS generally had higher cellular viability than NFS. These results above suggest that the incorporation of the medicinal herbal complex into feedstuff may improve the biological effects of deer antlers.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors conducted a search and review of contemporary scientific publications from open sources, including publications and data from Internet portals, Web of Science, Scopus scientometric databases, websites of patent offices, libraries, and reading rooms.
Abstract: Animal waste can serve as a raw material source for feed preparation, and can also be used, after appropriate processing, as fuel, fertilizer, biogas, and other useful products. In addition, the practical use of these wastes eliminates their mandatory disposal. Recycling animal waste is a feature of the circular economy, leading to environmental sustainability. In this regard, we conducted a search and review of contemporary scientific publications from open sources, including publications and data from Internet portals, Web of Science, Scopus scientometric databases, websites of patent offices, libraries, and reading rooms. It has been found that animal by-products are desirable for use in combination with vegetable protein sources. The 15 most relevant types of animal waste and their use are indicated based on current scientific publications. Moreover, 13 types of feed of animal origin, along with their purposes and descriptions, are also identified. Current scientific publications and research on the processing of insects into feed; the use of bird droppings, meat, and bone and bone meal; and the processing of seafood waste, bird waste, and eggshells are reviewed. As a result, firstly, the most important types of technological equipment involved in animal waste processing technologies, particularly devices for drying, grinding, and mixing, are analyzed and discussed. Secondly, technologies for processing waste into useful products of animal origin are analyzed and discussed.
1 citations
TL;DR: Although there was no significant difference in mean specific gravity between top and base,mean specific gravity of main beam tended to increase from top to base of the antler with decreasing capacity, indicating a greater integumental thickening due to mineralization.
Abstract: In order to investigate the physiological properties of velvet antler of elk ( Cervus e canadensis ) raised in Korea, antlers ( n =378) were collected from deer in 8 provinces including Gyeonggi-do ( n =53), Gangwon-do ( n =49), Chungcheongbuk-do ( n =62), Chungcheongnam-do ( n =68), Jeollabuk-do ( n =52), Jeollanam-do ( n =15), Gyeongsangbuk-do ( n =30) and Gyeongsangnam-do ( n =49) The exterior characteristics (weight, length, girth and crown) of all antlers were measured, and 18 antler samples were randomly selected for measurement of interior characteristics such as specific gravity, capacity and diameter of cross section The mean antler weight, length of the main beam and mean length of upper section were 487±179 kg, 837±132 cm and 406±114 cm, respectively Mean girth of the top, middle and base of the main beam were 271±59 cm, 221±36 cm and 229±36 cm respectively, indicating a slight narrowing in the middle of the antler In each of the tines, the girth at the base was markedly thicker compared to the top The depth of the crown at the top of the antler, and the average number of crowns and tines were 141±70 cm, 21±06 and 30±05, respectively Although there was no significant difference in mean specific gravity between top and base, mean specific gravity of main beam tended to increase from top to base of the antler with decreasing capacity Additionally, the inner diameter of the base of the antler was significantly reduced compared to that of the top, indicating a greater integumental thickening due to mineralization Information on the morphological and physiological properties of elk antlers is scarce Therefore, these results may be useful in providing basic information for the physiological properties of antler, and encourage further studies on antler morphology in other deer species showing species specific differences(