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B.W. Stansfield

Bio: B.W. Stansfield is an academic researcher from Glasgow Caledonian University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Wrist & Carpal bones. The author has an hindex of 13, co-authored 21 publications receiving 908 citations. Previous affiliations of B.W. Stansfield include University of Strathclyde & Princess Margaret Rose Orthopaedic Hospital.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of in vivo force measurements from instrumented prostheses are used to validate the results calculated using the mathematical models, and there was general agreement between the calculated and measured forces in both pattern and magnitude.

171 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Caution is advised in using the data to attempt to predict an individual's gait parameters due to the wide spread of data about the regression lines and it is not recommend that the data be used to extrapolate the regression data to wider speed ranges.

144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: ND analysis of the children's gait indicated that there was little change in the combination of step length and cadence used to achieve a particular velocity between 5 and 12 and the first peak and mid-stance trough values of the vertical component of ground reaction force did not change with age.

114 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The clinical relevance of these findings is that normalized speed of walking, rather than age, should be considered when comparing normal with pathologic gait.
Abstract: Twenty-six healthy 7-year-old children were enrolled in a 5-year longitudinal study to examine the importance of age and speed in the characterization of sagittal joint angles, moments, and powers. In 740 gait trials, children walking at self-selected speeds were examined on the basis of age and normalized speed [speed/(height x g)1/2]. The kinematics and kinetics in these children were characterized predominantly by normalized speed of progression and not age. The clinical relevance of these findings is that normalized speed of walking, rather than age, should be considered when comparing normal with pathologic gait.

99 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The clinical relevance of these findings is that normalized speed of walking, rather than age, should be considered when comparing normal with pathological gait.
Abstract: Twenty-six healthy 5-year-old children were enrolled in a 7-year longitudinal study to examine the importance of age and speed in the characterization of ground reaction forces. One thousand forty gait trials of children walking at self-selected speeds were examined on the basis of age and normalized speed [speed/(height x g)(1/2)]. Results, presented as discrete peak and trough values and as continuous trace plots over the stance phase, indicated that there was little change in ground reaction forces with age, but there were significant changes in vertical force and anterior-posterior force values with normalized speed. The ground reaction force patterns in these children were characterized predominantly by normalized speed of progression and not age. The clinical relevance of these findings is that normalized speed of walking, rather than age, should be considered when comparing normal with pathological gait.

72 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This overview should serve as a foundation for understanding the assessment and treatment of musculoskeletal impairments that involve not only the hip, but also the adjacent low back and knee regions.
Abstract: Synopsis: The 21 muscles that cross the hip provide both triplanar movement and stability between the femur and acetabulum. The primary intent of this clinical commentary is to review and discuss the current understanding of the specific actions of the hip muscles. Analysis of their actions is based primarily on the spatial orientation of the muscles relative to the axes of rotation at the hip. The discussion of muscle actions is organized according to the 3 cardinal planes of motion. Actions are considered from both femoral-on-pelvic and pelvic-on-femoral perspectives, with particular attention to the role of coactivation of trunk muscles. Additional attention is paid to the biomechanical variables that alter the effectiveness, force, and torque of a given muscle action. The role of certain muscles in generating compression force at the hip is also presented. Throughout the commentary, the kinesiology of the muscles of the hip are considered primarily from normal but also pathological perspectives, suppl...

504 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An annual “Grand Challenge Competition to Predict In Vivo Knee Loads” based on a series of comprehensive publicly available in vivo data sets for evaluating musculoskeletal model predictions of contact and muscle forces in the knee is introduced.

490 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Practical guidelines for verification and validation of NMS models and simulations are established that researchers, clinicians, reviewers, and others can adopt to evaluate the accuracy and credibility of modeling studies.
Abstract: Computational modeling and simulation of neuromusculoskeletal (NMS) systems enables researchers and clinicians to study the complex dynamics underlying human and animal movement. NMS models use equations derived from physical laws and biology to help solve challenging real-world problems, from designing prosthetics that maximize running speed to developing exoskeletal devices that enable walking after a stroke. NMS modeling and simulation has proliferated in the biomechanics research community over the past 25 years, but the lack of verification and validation standards remains a major barrier to wider adoption and impact. The goal of this paper is to establish practical guidelines for verification and validation of NMS models and simulations that researchers, clinicians, reviewers, and others can adopt to evaluate the accuracy and credibility of modeling studies. In particular, we review a general process for verification and validation applied to NMS models and simulations, including careful formulation of a research question and methods, traditional verification and validation steps, and documentation and sharing of results for use and testing by other researchers. Modeling the NMS system and simulating its motion involves methods to represent neural control, musculoskeletal geometry, muscle-tendon dynamics, contact forces, and multibody dynamics. For each of these components, we review modeling choices and software verification guidelines; discuss variability, errors, uncertainty, and sensitivity relationships; and provide recommendations for verification and validation by comparing experimental data and testing robustness. We present a series of case studies to illustrate key principles. In closing, we discuss challenges the community must overcome to ensure that modeling and simulation are successfully used to solve the broad spectrum of problems that limit human mobility.

479 citations

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TL;DR: The resulting data show that speed has a significant influence on many measures of interest, such as kinematic parameters in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes.

446 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study provides reference data for muscle contributions to support and progression over a wide range of walking speeds and highlights the importance of walking speed when evaluating muscle function.

402 citations