Economics and Information Theory

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), established in 1945, is a UN specialized agency that provides global data and expertise on agri­ culture and nutrition, fisheries, forestry, and other food and agriculture– related issues. FAO is the UN system’s largest autonomous agency, with headquarters in Rome, 78 country offices and 15 regional, sub–regional, and liaison offices, including one located in Washington, D.C. FAO’s highest policy–making body, the biennial General Conference, comprises all 183 FAO member countries plus the European Commission. The General Conference determines FAO policy and approves FAO’s reg­ ular program of work and budget. The 31st Conference, meeting in November 1999, re–elected Director–General Jacques Diouf (Senegal) to a second six–year term through December 2005. Each biennial Confer­ ence elects a 49–member Council that meets semi–annually to make rec­ ommendations to the General Conference on budget and policy issues. The North America region, which comprises the United States and Can­ ada, is allocated two seats on the Council and one seat each on FAO’s Program, Finance, and Constitutional and Legal Matters (CCLM) Com­ mittees. The United States holds the North American seats on the Finance and Joint Staff Pension Committees through December 2003. Canada holds the North American seat on the CCLM and Program Committees through December 2003. The United States participated at the World Food Summit: Five Years Later meeting held at FAO headquarters June 10–13, 2002, to discuss progress towards attaining the 1996 World Food Summit target of reduc­ ing the world’s number of hungry and malnourished by half by 2015. The United States presented new initiatives to improve agriculture productivity as a significant contribution toward meeting that goal. U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Ann Veneman, leading the U.S. delegation, joined other min­ isters and heads of state and government in adopting a Declaration, “The International Alliance Against Hunger,” which reiterated the goals of the 1996 World Food Summit and stated, inter alia, “we are committed to

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jve1997/7/2/7_2_107/_pdf

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) ホームページの活用法

A comprehensive review on different approaches for CO2 utilization and conversion pathways

Visitor attraction management: A critical review of research 2009–2014

Estimating energy-related CO2 emission growth in Bangladesh: The LMDI decomposition method approach

A novel approach to predict CO2 emission in the agriculture sector of Iran based on Inclusive Multiple Model

Focus on the provincial inequalities in energy consumption and CO2 emissions of Iran's agriculture sector.

Reforming energy prices to achieve sustainable energy consumption in the agriculture sector of Iran’s provinces: Using game approach

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most critical factor affecting climate change and is a severe threat to human health. The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) member countries have unsuitable situation in terms of CO2 emission. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between CO2 emission, economic growth, energy consumption, and urbanization in the ECO member countries during 1990–2014. To this end, suitable dynamic panel data approaches such as Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), two-stage Engels-Granger, and Dumitrescu–Hurlin (DH) causality, were implemented based on a proper econometric procedure. Results confirmed the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for the ECO in the short and long run. The turning point was estimated as $ 6057.76. According to the DH causality approach, there is a two-way causal relationship between CO2 and economic growth, CO2 and urbanization, energy consumption and economic growth, and energy consumption and urbanization. According to the Paris Agreement, if fossil fuel consumption is reduced by 20%, per capita carbon emissions will be reduced by 19.6%. To achieve this goal, it is suggested that besides increasing fossil fuel taxes, ECO countries be supported technologically, financially and capitally by developed countries in terms of replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources. Considering the significant effect of urbanization on CO2 emission, providing welfare and financial facilities in the rulers is recommended to prevent migration. Introducing the solar panel technology instead of transferring electricity to rulers will be an efficient strategy to target costs and reduce CO2 emission.

The relationship between CO2 emission, economic growth, energy consumption, and urbanization in the ECO member countries

Estimation of recreation value and determining the factors effective in visitor' WTP for Saint Stepanus Church using the Heckman Two-Stage and Contingent Valuation Methods.

Babollah Hayati

Papers

A novel approach to predict CO2 emission in the agriculture sector of Iran based on Inclusive Multiple Model

Focus on the provincial inequalities in energy consumption and CO2 emissions of Iran's agriculture sector.

Reforming energy prices to achieve sustainable energy consumption in the agriculture sector of Iran’s provinces: Using game approach

The relationship between CO2 emission, economic growth, energy consumption, and urbanization in the ECO member countries

Estimation of recreation value and determining the factors effective in visitor' WTP for Saint Stepanus Church using the Heckman Two-Stage and Contingent Valuation Methods.