Edible films and coatings: a review.

The presence of lignin and its derivatives in pulp effluent increases the pollution load on the environment. With an aim of better degradation and decolourization of wastewater, this study proposes the utilization of different ligninolytic enzymes from novel bacterial strains. Four novel bacterial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae strains NITW715076, NITW715076_1, NITW715076_2 and NITW715076_3) were isolated and identified. The ligninolytic enzymes were characterized by plate assay method. For the optimization of various process parameters of effluent sample, different approaches were used like one factor at a time and statistical optimization through response surface methodology (RSM). Further to validate the above data, enzyme activity, total phenolic concentration, GC–MS analysis and seed germination test were also performed. The ligninolytic enzymes produced were characterized as laccase and Manganese peroxidase (MnP). In lignin degradation and decolourization studies, consortia 1 (K. pneumoniae NITW715076_2 + K. pneumoniae NITW715076_1) (82.31%) was found more effective when compared to axenic culture (K. pneumoniae NITW715076_2) (74.1%). In RSM studies, Laccase and MnP activities were increased by 20% and 18%, respectively, as compared to one factor at a time optimization method. In addition, the enzyme activity for laccase and MnP after prediction by RSM was found 53338 IU/L and 147900 IU/L, respectively. The R2 values for both the enzymes were found to be significant. Further, GC–MS analysis also showed the degradation of different organic pollutants in effluent. Lastly, the seed germination test using consortia 1 corroborated the evidence of detoxification of industrial effluent. Effluent treated by consortia 1 showed better results in degradation and decolourization of lignin and their derivatives. Therefore, consortia 1 can be used for various industrial purposes like fruit juice clarification, diagnostic purposes and enhanced bioethanol production.

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Extraction of ligninolytic enzymes from novel Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and its application in wastewater treatment

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic disease causing severe impairment to the respiratory system and digestive tracts. Currently, CF is incurable. As an autosomal recessive disorder, the morbidity of CF is significantly higher among Caucasians of European descent, whereas it is less pervasive among African and Asian populations. The disease is caused by identical mutations (homozygosity) or different mutations (heterozygosity) of an autosomal recessive mutation at position 7q31.2‑q31.1 of chromosome 7. Diagnostic criteria and guidelines work concurrently with laboratory detection to facilitate precise CF detection. With technological advances, the understanding of CF pathogenesis has reached an unprecedented level, allowing for increasingly precise carrier screening, more effective early stage CF intervention and improved prognostic outcomes. These advances significantly increase the life quality and expectancy of patients with CF. Given the numerous improvements in the field of CF, the current review summarized the technical advances in the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying CF, as well as how these improvements facilitate the clinical outcomes of CF. Furthermore, challenges and obstacles to overcome are discussed.

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Research advances in molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis: From technical improvement to clinical applications (Review).

In this work the degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) was analyzed by varying the temperature and the concentration of potassium hydroxide in 1-butanol holding constant the size and weight of the sample. The temperature range used was from 110oC to 150oC and concentrations of potassium hydroxide in 1-butanol in the range of 0,4 to 4,4 molar, obtaining 99% degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in one hour. The temperature of 150°C and the concentration of 3,34 M were used to study the degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) as a function of time. We obtained two phases, an organic phase and solid phase. The solid phase is a soluble in acidic solutions. The solid phase probably corresponds to the of potassium terephthalate. From the results and comparing with models of degradation found in the literature this work suggests that poly(ethylene terephthalate) degradation reaction occurs type power law.

Chemical degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

http://www.cell.com/article/S2405844022019533/pdf

Medicinal plants’ proposed nanocomposites for the management of endocrine disorders

Medicinal plants play a pivotal role in curative care, be it from the olden days to the modern era. Costus pictus, popularly known as ‘insulin plant,’ manifests an extensive range of significant bioactivities including anti-diabetes, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and several other activities. The versatile features are by dint of its abundant phytochemicals, majorly flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Therefore, the present article emphasizes addressing the therapeutic potential of C. pictus and the mechanism of action underneath these promising effects. The review also addresses the phytochemicals corresponding to these effects, thereby bringing about an understanding at the molecular level, providing discrete relevance to the in vivo studies whenever appropriate. The designing of functional foods with the supplementation of medicinal plants has become the domain of interest over the years. Further studies are indispensable to substantiate the effects of C. pictus incorporation onto foods and to conceptualize the dietary intake for counteracting diversified disorders.

Costus pictus–transition from a medicinal plant to functional food: A review

Bio-plastic has been a need of the hour for the past few decades and the usage of lactic acid (LA) in the production of bio plastic opens a new window to the field. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thermoplastic polyester with excellent tensile and impact strength, chemical resistance, clarity, process ability, and transparency has become a bane to the society. The co polymerization increases the mechanical strength of LA. In this study, the production and optimization of the copolymer of LA –PET was done. The blend of sugarcane bagasse and corn stover was used for the production of LA by incubating with Lactobacillus sp. for 24 h. Lactobacillus sp. is a potent producer of lactic acid and crude curd was used as the source. The optimization in lignin breakdown by 10% NH4OH and 2% NaOH and acid hydrolysis by 10% H 2 SO 4 of the blend was done. The process parameters in the copolymerization LA-PET using p-toluene sulfonic acid, ethylene glycol and stannous chloride were also analyzed. The products formed were confirmed by the FTIR analysis at various transmittance peaks at 1681, 3008 and 3610 cm -1 . The process of production of the copolymer proves to be a green technology by decreasing the PET contamination of the environment and also helping in the production of bio-degradable plastics in the run. Key words : Lactic acid, copolymer, bioplastic, polyethylene terephthalate.

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Synthesis of copolymer from lactic acid-polyethylene terephthalate (LA-PET) copolymerization

The preparation of the film based on aloe vera gel and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were carried out in this work. The film has high adhesion due to the presence of polyvinyl alcohol. The mechanical properties like tensile strength and the transparency of the film were tested. The temperature withstanding ability of the film is tested with Thermo gravimetric analysis. The functional groups of the film were identified. The films prepared were evaluated by incorporation of an antifungal and an antibacterial agent which shows marked inhibition on growth of mold, yeast and bacteria. The Shelf life of the vegetables was tested using the film.

Evaluation of mechanical and antimicrobial properties for indigenously developed Biofilm for food packaging industries

Along the length of the helical strand are strewn, the basic entities of inheritance genes that are constituted of nucleotide sequences. These sequences comprise the different combinations of the alphabets of life -A, T, G and C. The arrangement of these nitrogenous bases remains the same in almost all the genomes of a species except for certain loci that may exhibit variations. Such alterations are due to change in a single nucleotide and hence these are referred to as Single Nucleotide Polymorphism or SNPs. For example, the change of GGAATC to GGAATT can be considered as an SNP. At least 1% of the population must have these variations for them to be considered as an SNP. In the three billion base human genome, there is one SNP for every 100-300 bases. They can be found either in the coding or non-coding regions of the genome. In the former case they can affect the biological properties of a protein occasionally leading to diseased conditions. Even in the latter case, when they are not responsible for the disease, they may serve as genetic markers due to their proximity to the mutated regions. These markers can aid in designing therapeutic drugs for various genetic disorders. SNPs are indicative of how a person responds to diseases, microbes, toxins, drugs and therapies. Hence they are of International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 8 (2017) pp. 1255-1263 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Balakrishnaraja Rengaraju

Papers

Costus pictus–transition from a medicinal plant to functional food: A review

Synthesis of copolymer from lactic acid-polyethylene terephthalate (LA-PET) copolymerization

Evaluation of mechanical and antimicrobial properties for indigenously developed Biofilm for food packaging industries

Inquest of the SNP in Cystic Fibrosis – A Bioinformatic Approach