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Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória

Bio: Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória is an academic researcher from Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz. The author has contributed to research in topics: Callus & Vernonieae. The author has an hindex of 26, co-authored 126 publications receiving 2246 citations. Previous affiliations of Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória include University of São Paulo & State University of Campinas.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recognizing the diversity of belowground bud banks is the starting point for understanding the many evolutionary pathways available for responding to severe recurrent disturbances.
Abstract: Despite long-time awareness of the importance of the location of buds in plant biology, research on belowground bud banks has been scant. Terms such as lignotuber, xylopodium and sobole, all referring to belowground bud-bearing structures, are used inconsistently in the literature. Because soil efficiently insulates meristems from the heat of fire, concealing buds below ground provides fitness benefits in fire-prone ecosystems. Thus, in these ecosystems, there is a remarkable diversity of bud-bearing structures. There are at least six locations where belowground buds are stored: roots, root crown, rhizomes, woody burls, fleshy swellings and belowground caudexes. These support many morphologically distinct organs. Given their history and function, these organs may be divided into three groups: those that originated in the early history of plants and that currently are widespread (bud-bearing roots and root crowns); those that also originated early and have spread mainly among ferns and monocots (nonwoody rhizomes and a wide range of fleshy underground swellings); and those that originated later in history and are strictly tied to fire-prone ecosystems (woody rhizomes, lignotubers and xylopodia). Recognizing the diversity of belowground bud banks is the starting point for understanding the many evolutionary pathways available for responding to severe recurrent disturbances.

212 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Detailed information on probing behavior of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is critical for understanding the transmission process of phloem‐limited bacteria associated with citrus ‘huanglongbing’ by this vector.
Abstract: Detailed information on probing behavior of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is critical for understanding the transmission process of phloem-limited bacteria (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.) associated with citrus 'huanglongbing' by this vector. In this study, we investigated stylet penetration activities of D. citri on seedlings of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Pera (Rutaceae) by using the electrical penetration graph (EPG-DC system) technique. EPG waveforms were described based on amplitude, frequency, voltage level, and electrical origin of the observed traces during stylet penetration into plant tissues. The main waveforms were correlated with histological observations of salivary sheath termini in plant tissues, to determine the putative location of stylet tips. The behavioral activities were also inferred based on waveform similarities in relation to other Sternorrhyncha, particularly aphids and whiteflies. In addition, we correlated the occurrence of specific waveforms with the acquisition of the phloem-limited bacterium Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus by D. citri. The occurrence of a G-like xylem sap ingestion waveform in starved and unstarved psyllids was also compared. By analyzing 8-h EPGs of adult females, five waveforms were described: (C) salivary sheath secretion and other stylet pathway activities; (D) first contact with phloem (distinct from other waveforms reported for Sternorrhyncha); (E1) putative salivation in phloem sieve tubes; (E2) phloem sap ingestion; and (G) probably xylem sap ingestion. Diaphorina citri initiates a probe with stylet pathway through epidermis and parenchyma (C). Interestingly, no potential drops were observed during the stylet pathway phase, as are usually recorded in aphids and other Sternorrhyncha. Once in C, D. citri shows a higher propensity to return to non-probing than to start a phloem or xylem phase. Several probes are usually observed before the phloem phase; waveform D is observed upon phloem contact, always immediately followed by E1. After E1, D. citri either returns to pathway activity (C) or starts phloem sap ingestion, which was the longest activity observed.

171 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The morphology and anatomy of mature leaves of Mikania glomerata Spreng.
Abstract: The objective of this paper was to describe and compare the morphology and anatomy of mature leaves of Mikania glomerata Spreng., Porophyllum ruderale Cass. and Vernonia condensata Baker (Asteraceae) species that have different habits emphasizing their secretory structures. Longitudinal and transversal sections of mature leaf blades of the three species were analyzed at the apex, base, and medium third part of the midvein of the leaf blade and of the margin. M. glomerata had uniseriate glandular trichomes and secretory ducts; P. ruderale had hydathodes and secretory cavities; and V. condensata had idioblasts and uni- and biseriate glandular trichomes. Key words: Mikania glomerata, Porophyllum ruderale, Vernonia condensata, secretory structures, medicinal plants * Author for correspondence INTRODUCTION The Asteraceae family consists of approximately 25000 species (Barroso, 1986) included in over 1100 genera. These species frequently present herbaceous habits, although arboreous and voluble herbaceous habits also occur (Cronquist, 1981). Because of this variety of habits, the family presents various anatomical structures and in some cases ecological specialization may occur (Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950). Secretory structures are of great taxonomical interest and their restricted distribution has an important diagnosis value (Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950; Fahn, 1979). Frequently, in Asteraceae, they occupy distinct positions in different organs of the plant occurring in all, some or in only one organ (Solereder, 1908). Castro et al. (1997) reviewed the types of secretory structures in the leaves of seventy two representatives of the Asteraceae family from the cerrado vegetation in the Reserva Biologica de Mogi Guacu, Sao Paulo, Brazil. When analyzed together these secretory structures presented diagnosis value at genus level. Eight types of leaf secretory structures were mentioned: ducts, cavities, idioblasts, laticifers, hydathodes, extrafloral nectaries, trichomes and glandular appendixes. According to Metcalfe and Chalk (1950), anatomical diversity is commonly observed in the structure of leaves of species belonging to the Asteraceae. Among the features that vary are: (a) stomata distribution on leaf surfaces; (b) guard-cell positioning in relation to ordinary epidermal cells; (c) hypoderm development on the upper side of the leaf surface; (d) mesophyll and fibrovascular system differentiation; and (e) wax secretion on leaf surface (Solereder, 1908). The anatomical features that can be observed in Asteraceae are: (a) presence of various types of glandular or covering trichomes; (b) papillae on

82 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2014-Flora
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the longer the intervals between disturbances are, the smaller the size of the bud bank is, and diversity and frequency of belowground organs should also decrease in areas without disturbance for many years, which may lead to the decline and even disappearance of species that relay on resprouting from the budBank upon disturbance.

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Mandevilla colleters data can give support to the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Apocynaceae.
Abstract: Development, structure and distribution of colleters in Mandevilla illustris and M. velutina (Apocynaceae)). Colleters of Mandevilla illustris and M. velutina are present on the cotyledons, shoot apices, mature leaves and on the nodal region, where they are interpetiolar and intrapetiolar. In M. velutina there are two colleters on the adaxial basal part of the leaf blade, and in M. illustris, this number varies. The differentiation of the colleters occurs in the early stages of leaf development. When colleters are mature, they consist of a long head on a short stalk. The central core of the colleter is made up of parenchymatous cells that may exhibit phenolic compounds and is surrounded by radially elongated epithelial cells. The foliar and intrapetiolar colleters can exhibit vascularization. The colleters produce a translucient sticky substance that reacts positively to polysaccharides and, before senescence, they produce lipophilic substances. The Mandevilla colleters data can give support to the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Apocynaceae. RESUMO - (Desenvolvimento, estrutura e distribuicao de coleteres em Mandevilla illustris e M. velutina (Apocynaceae)). Coleteres de Mandevilla illustris e M. velutina estao presentes nos cotiledones, apices caulinares, folhas maduras e na regiao nodal, onde estes sao interpeciolares e intrapeciolares. Em M. velutina existem dois coleteres na face adaxial da base da lâmina foliar, porem, em M. illustris este numero varia. A diferenciacao dos coleteres ocorre nos estagios iniciais do desenvolvimento foliar. Quando os coleteres estao maduros, eles consistem de uma longa cabeca sobre um curto pedunculo. A porcao central do coleter e constituida de celulas parenquimaticas que podem apresentar compostos fenolicos e e envolvida por celulas epiteliais radialmente alongadas. Os coleteres foliares e intrapeciolares podem exibir vascularizacao. Os coleteres produzem uma substância pegajosa e translucida que reage positivamente para polissacarideos e, antes da senescencia, eles produzem substâncias lipofilicas. As informacoes obtidas sobre os coleteres das Mandevilla podem fornecer subsidios aos estudos taxonomicos e filogeneticos das Apocynaceae.

65 citations


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TL;DR: Internal Organization of the Plant Body, from embryo to the Adult Plant, and some Factors in Development of Secondary Xylem: Common Types of Secondary Growth.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION. Internal Organization of the Plant Body. Summary of Types of Cells and Tissues. General References. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEED PLANT. The Embryo. From embryo to the Adult Plant. Apical Meristems and Their Derivatives. Differentiation, Specialization, and Morphogenesis. References. THE CELL. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Plastids. Mitochondria. Microbodies. Vacuoles. Paramural Bodies. Ribosomes. Dictyosomes. Endoplasmic Reticulum. Lipid Globules. Microtubules. Ergastic Substances. References. CELL WALL. Macromolecular Components and Their Organization in the Wall. Cell Wall Layers. Intercellular Spaces. Pits, Primary Pit--Fields, and Plasmodesmata. Origin of Cell Wall During Cell Division. Growth of Cell Wall. References. PARENCHYMA AND COLLENCHYMA. Parenchyma. Collenchyma. References. SCLERENCHYMA. Sclereids. Fibers. Development of Sclereids and Fibers. References. EPIDERMIS. Composition. Developmental Aspects. Cell Wall. Stomata. Trichomes. References. XYLEM: GENERAL STRUCTURE AND CELL TYPES. Gross Structure of Secondary Xylem. Cell Types in the Secondary Xylem. Primary Xylem. Differentiation of Tracheary Elements. References. XYLEM: VARIATION IN WOOD STRUCTURE. Conifer Wood. Dicotyledon Wood. Some Factors in Development of Secondary Xylem. Identification of Wood. References. VASCULAR CAMBIUM. Organization of Cambium. Developmental Changes in the Initial Layer. Patterns and Causal Relations in Cambial Activity. References. PHLOEM. Cell Types. Primary Phloem. Secondary Phloem. References. PERIDERM. Structure of Periderm and Related Tissues. Development of Periderm. Outer Aspect of Bark in Relation to Structure. Lenticels. References. SECRETORY STRUCTURES. External Secretory Structures. Internal Secretory Structures. References. THE ROOT: PRIMARY STATE OF GROWTH. Types of Roots. Primary Structure. Development. References. THE ROOT: SECONDARY STATE OF GROWTH AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS. Common Types of Secondary Growth. Variations in Secondary Growths. Physiologic Aspects of Secondary Growth in Roots. Adventitious Roots. References. THE STEM: PRIMARY STATE OF GROWTH. External Morphology. Primary Structure. Development. References. THE STEM: SECONDARY GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL TYPES. Secondary Growth. Types of Stems. References. THE LEAF: BASIC STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT. Morphology. Histology of Angiosperm Leaf. Development. Abscission. References. THE LEAF: VARIATIONS IN STRUCTURE. Leaf Structure and Environment. Dicotyledon Leaves. Monocotyledon Leaves. Gymnosperm Leaves. References. THE FLOWER: STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT. Concept. Structure. Development. References. THE FLOWER: REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE. Microsporogenesis. Pollen. Male Gametophyte. Megasporogenesis. Female Gametophyte. Fertilization. References. THE FRUIT. Concept and Classification. The Fruit Wall. Fruit Types. Fruit Growths. Fruit Abscission. References. THE SEED. Concept and Morphology. Seed Development. Seed Coat. Nutrient Storage Tissues. References. EMBRYO AND SEEDLING. Mature Embryo. Development of Embryo. Classification of Embryos. Seedling. References. Glossary. Index.

1,454 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Jens Kattge1, Gerhard Bönisch2, Sandra Díaz3, Sandra Lavorel  +751 moreInstitutions (314)
TL;DR: The extent of the trait data compiled in TRY is evaluated and emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness are analyzed to conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements.
Abstract: Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.

882 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A buds-protection-resources (BPR) framework for understanding resprouting in fire-prone ecosystems, based on bud bank location, bud protection, and how buds are resourced is developed, which provides insights into resprouted typologies that include both fire resisters and fire resprouters.
Abstract: Resprouting as a response to disturbance is now widely recognized as a key functional trait among woody plants and as the basis for the persistence niche. However, the underlying mechanisms that define resprouting responses to disturbance are poorly conceptualized. Resprouting ability is constrained by the interaction of the disturbance regime that depletes the buds and resources needed to fund resprouting, and the environment that drives growth and resource allocation. We develop a buds-protection-resources (BPR) framework for understanding resprouting in fire-prone ecosystems, based on bud bank location, bud protection, and how buds are resourced. Using this framework we go beyond earlier emphases on basal resprouting and highlight the importance of apical, epicormic and below-ground resprouting to the persistence niche. The BPR framework provides insights into: resprouting typologies that include both fire resisters (i.e. survive fire but do not resprout) and fire resprouters; the methods by which buds escape fire effects, such as thick bark; and the predictability of community assembly of resprouting types in relation to site productivity, disturbance regime and competition. Furthermore, predicting the consequences of global change is enhanced by the BPR framework because it potentially forecasts the retention or loss of above-ground biomass.

612 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The known cases of secondary thickening in recent Pteridophyta have been brought together by HILL23 in a useful resume and Botrychium and Ophioglossum, which lacks a definite layer, are described.
Abstract: Secondary thickening in pteridophytes.-The known cases of secondary thickening in recent Pteridophyta have been brought together by HILL23 in a useful resume. After stating the criteria for secondary growth, Botrychium, which has a distinct cambium, and Ophioglossum, which lacks a definite layer, are described, followed by Angiopteris and Marattia, in which a cambium forms a few xylem elements. CORMACK'S observations on the secondary wood in the nodes of Equisetum are cited, though no reference is made to the cambium in the young cone as reported by J]FFREY.24 The other cases of secondary growth include Psilotum, Selaginella spinulosa, and several species of Isoetes, especially I. hystrix, which may show a cambium outside the vascular cylinder.-M. A.

578 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The editors state in their preface that they are presenting "a new way to look at preventive medicine for the medical students, general practitioners, specialists, and professional workers in official and voluntary health agencies."
Abstract: municable disease control to the newer responsibilities of the hazards of ionizing radiation and medical defense against atomic attack. The individual topics are adequately developed with emphasis, in the majority, on brevity of presentation rather than complete and exhaustive detail. References are listed after each chapter for the reader desiring more definitive information. \"Epidemiologic Methods and Inferences\" by Dr. Dienfeld and \"Official and Voluntary Health Agencies\" by Dr. Hilleboe are two chapters which offer especially well-organized, succinct, and effective discussions of their respective subjects. The editors state in their preface that they are presenting \". . a new way to look at preventive medicine for the medical students, general practitioners, specialists, and professional workers in official and voluntary health agencies.\" In the opinion of the reviewer, the authors have achieved their purpose by editing a book which is more an introductory text than a reference tome.

540 citations