Author
Benjamin R. Scharifker
Other affiliations: Simón Bolívar University, Texas A&M University, University of Southampton
Bio: Benjamin R. Scharifker is an academic researcher from Metropolitan University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Nucleation & Aqueous solution. The author has an hindex of 32, co-authored 105 publications receiving 5582 citations. Previous affiliations of Benjamin R. Scharifker include Simón Bolívar University & Texas A&M University.
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TL;DR: The theory of the potentiostatic current transient for three-dimensional multiple nucleation with diffusion controlled growth is discussed in this paper, where the termination of the nucleation process by the expansion of diffusion fields is considered, as well as deviations from randomness observed in the distribution of nuclei on the electrode surface.
1,629 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new theory was proposed for the potentiostatic current maximum which leads to more reliable values of the nuclear number density and to a better distinction between instantaneous and progressive nucleation.
538 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the current transient for three-dimensional nucleation on a finite number of active sites, followed by diffusion controlled growth, has been analyzed and the true nucleation rate per site can be obtained from the current maximum of single-step potentiostatic experiments.
533 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theory describing the temporal evolution of the fractional surface area of 3D non-interacting nuclei growing at a rate limited by diffusion of electrodepositing ions onto substrates of a different nature is presented.
227 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, microscopically small electrodes were used to study the kinetics of homogeneous redox reactions and the heterogeneous electrochemical nucleation of metals, and the results showed that the mass transfer to exposed areas of <10−6 cm2 gives rise to very high rates of mass transfer, which allow steady-state fluxes to be determined without external control of convection.
175 citations
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1,837 citations
TL;DR: The theory of the potentiostatic current transient for three-dimensional multiple nucleation with diffusion controlled growth is discussed in this paper, where the termination of the nucleation process by the expansion of diffusion fields is considered, as well as deviations from randomness observed in the distribution of nuclei on the electrode surface.
1,629 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an exhaustive review on the treatment of various synthetic and real wastewaters by five key EAOPs, i.e., anodic oxidation (AO), anodic oxidation with electrogenerated H 2 O 2, electro-Fenton (EF), photoelectro-fenton (PEF), alone and in combination with other methods like biological treatment, electrocoagulation, coagulation and membrane filtration processes.
Abstract: Over the last decades, research efforts have been made at developing more effective technologies for the remediation of waters containing persistent organic pollutants. Among the various technologies, the so-called electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have caused increasing interest. These technologies are based on the electrochemical generation of strong oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals ( OH). Here, we present an exhaustive review on the treatment of various synthetic and real wastewaters by five key EAOPs, i.e., anodic oxidation (AO), anodic oxidation with electrogenerated H 2 O 2 (AO-H 2 O 2 ), electro-Fenton (EF), photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) and solar photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF), alone and in combination with other methods like biological treatment, electrocoagulation, coagulation and membrane filtration processes. Fundamentals of each EAOP are also given.
1,457 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), including polymer synthesis, membrane casting, physicochemical characterizations and fuel cell technologies.
1,156 citations
TL;DR: The denitrification pathway in this cycle, that is, the conversion of nitrate to dinitrogen, is employed by certain bacteria to produce ATP anaerobically and gain energy for cell growth.
Abstract: After carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, nitrogen is the next most abundant element in the human body. Inorganic and organic compounds of nitrogen feature prominently in many biological and environmental, as well as industrial, processes. In nature, the inorganic compounds of nitrogen are controlled by a reaction cycle called the nitrogen cycle (Figure 1).1 The denitrification pathway in this cycle, that is, the conversion of nitrate to dinitrogen, is employed by certain bacteria to produce ATP anaerobically and gain energy for cell growth. All organisms use ammonia as one of the starting building blocks for the synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and many other important biological compounds. Nitric oxide is * Corresponding author. E-mail: m.koper@chem.leidenuniv.nl. † Present address: Energy research Centre of The Netherlands (ECN), P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands. ‡ Present address: Research, Development & Innovation, AkzoNobel Chemicals bv, Velperweg 76, P.O. Box 9300, 6800 SB Arnhem, The Netherlands. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 2209–2244 2209
992 citations